Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy :: BSE Prion Mad Cow Disease

Bovine Spongiform brain disease(BSE)BSE is a disease found in cows that contaminates the brain. It kills many a(prenominal) cattle each yearbecause there is no known cure. Humans ordure be infected by a disease called Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease and sheep can be infected with a disease called scrapie. There is no known treatment for any of the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy, including CJD. In order to prevent this disease, the beef is inspected onward coming into the United States. Without antibodies, a microscope is the only other way to confirm the cow as being infected.Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, other wise known as mad cow disease is an infectious degenerative brain disease occurring in cattle (www.dictionary.com). Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy is one of many Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathys (TSE) in animals. Humans can not be infected with BSE but if they ar exposed to contaminated meat, then they are at risk of being infected with Creutzfeldt - Ja kob disease (CJD). CJD is very rare and as well as BSE, cannot be treated because there has been no cure found. excogitation one shows the death rate of humans infected with CJD.(BSEInfo.org July 27, 2006)Figure oneBSE mainly occurs in the brain but experiments have been conducted and found it to be in the spinal cord, and in the retina of the eye. The BSE agent may also be present in the small intestine, tonsil, bone marrow, and dorsal root ganglia (lying on the vertebral column) (US Food and Drug Association, September 24, 2004). Once the cow is infected, the brain tissue precedes on a sponge-like appearance under a microscope. This is how the disease got the give Spongiform.(Mad Cow Disease, Andrew Simmons)BSE is spread throughout the brain by important proteins called prions. The prion folds itself incorrectly which leads other prions that encounter the false protein to fold as well. Spreading in the brain then occurs. Figure two shows how the brain would look when mad cow di sease is present. These infected prions are extremely difficult to destroy, resulting in no possible cure.Figure TwoThere are several ways to tell of a cow is infected with BSE. An adult cow may take from two to eight years to first show signs of being infected but others can take a short time. The symptoms for infected cows are anxiety, nervousness, and initial hyperactivity followed by lethargy (Ratzan 10). Also cows experience pain in their horns, horn sockets and ears when they are infected.

Why The Crucible Remains Important Today Essay -- Essay on The Crucibl

Why The Crucible Remains Important TodayFor a story of some(prenominal) kind to suck in any relevance or meaning some 50 years after being written and indeed almost 400 years after it was set, it necessitate to contain themes and ideas that have been uniformly felt and experienced by people from all walks of life as well as continuing to speak to and have meaning to new and changed generations of people. Years after being written, Arthur millers The Crucible, still successfully speaks to numerous generations of people, that although screw in different countries, below different governments and belong to different peer groups, experience the same issues that the characters of The Crucible experienced as well as the same issues that were experienced by Arthur Miller at the time of writing. The Crucible effectively addresses not only the issue of conformity found in all social groups, it illustrates the remarkable amount of origin a select group of people may possess, purely bec ause it is they who are entitled to interpret the various law and morals by which people live as well as the numerous injustices that continue to torment mankind. A strong theme in The Crucible, conformity is an idea or even so an issue that has been present and has plagued mankind for generations. The indisputable need to conform to the Churchs view and those of its ministers is gravely evident in The Crucible and causes much person-to-person conflict in the plays characters. The group of accused charac-ters must eithe...

The Success of the Simpsons Essay examples -- essays papers

The Success of the SimpsonsThe Improbable Long-Term Success of The SimpsonsWhen examining the history of modern prime-time television, there is a certain pattern that well-nigh every successful show inevitably exits into. After a period of initial success, perhaps lasting three or four years, the makeup on the show becomes stale by using the same format and same jokes over and over. The viewing audience becomes bored, and eventually, the show fades into television oblivion. Or, as Jeff MacGregor states in The New York Times, Historically(successful shows) collapse under the weight of their own complacency, hanging on for a few lifeless seasons while the producers wait to cash off their millions and move to Maui. Based on this premise, it would seem that The Simpsons, an animated series that debuted in 1987 as thirty second segments on The Tracey Ullman Show, should have worn out its get long ago.However, The Simpsons is still going strong today. The secret to the shows success lies in its producers ability to understand the expectations of the television audience and the culture that surrounds them. This understanding, have with wry sarcasm, topical themes, and superb scripting that puts most other comedies to shame, as well as some old-fashioned slapstick comedy, makes The Simpsons one of the most popular programs in television history. The show is often complex and highly intellectual, while remaining funny at the most basic levels. As Jim Gleeson states in The College Tribune, The show is high-flown in rewarding attention to detail, with especially obscure references that even if you had never heard ofyou would still laugh, giddy with the crafted sleight of it all. This fact that the show works on several levels at once draws a generationally diverse fan base. The adults are attracted by the surprisingly sophisticated dialogue, while the children enjoy the clumsy antics of Homer and the traditionally cartoonish aspects of the program. An examp le of a multidimensional scene occurs in the episode where Marge, the mother of the Simpson family, starts a crusade against campaign violence. Maggie, the baby, is mesmerized by an Itchy and Scratchy cartoon show in which the mouse pummels the cat over the head with a sledgehammer. Later in the episode, Maggie imitates the actions of the mouse by hitting her fathe... ... theory suggests that the success of The Simpsons is a consequence of television history, and could not have taken place if the show had originated twenty years earlier. The medium of television needed time to build up complexity and diversity, so that the show could virtually redefine what is expected of a television program. Based on this theory, The Simpsons emergence on television is similar to the Beatles effect on music. The theory predicts that the show will continue on until, just like the Beatles, they have nothing left to do. At its current pace, The Simpsons seems like it could go on forever. Th e show is continually progressing and perhaps funnier than ever. The writers are further developing the characters with each passing episode, and the shows possibilities, for the time being, seem limitless. It is difficult to apologize exactly what the allure of the show is, but at the core its most appealing characteristic is that it is simply funny. From the simple pleasure of watching Homer fall flat on his face to the most obscure reference imaginable, The Simpsons continues to entertain over a decade after its conception and shows no signs of slowing down.

Siddhartha Gautama :: essays research papers

Siddhartha GautamaSiddhartha Gautama was born about 563 BC in what is now modern Nepal. Hisfather, Suddhodana, was the ruler of the Sakya people and Siddhartha grew upliving the extravagant conduct on a young prince. According to custom, he marriedat the young get along of sixteen to a girl named Yasodhara. His father had orderedthat he live a life of total seclusion, but one day Siddhartha ventured out intothe world and was confronted with the reality of the inevitable suffering oflife. The next day, at the age of twenty-nine, he left his kingdom and new-bornson to lead an modest life and determine a way to relieve universal suffering.For six years, Siddhartha meditated under a bodhi tree. But he was never fullysatisfied. One day he was offered a bowl of rice from a young girl and he authentic it. In that moment, he realized that physical hardships were not themeans to freedom. From then on, he encouraged people not to use extremes intheir life. He called this The halfway Way. T hat night Siddhartha sat underthe bodhi tree, and meditated till dawn. He cleared his mind of all worldlythings and claimed to get enlightenment at the age of thirty-five, thus earningthe title of respect Buddha, or "Enlightened One." For the remainder of his eighty years,the Buddha preached the dharma in an effort to help other people reachenlightenment. When Siddhartha is a Brahmin, he believes in the existence of umpteen gods, and performs sacrifices to them. After a while he realizes this ismeaningless and decides to leave his family and community and become a Samana.As a Samana, he tries to destroy himself in may ways. He feels if he killshimself, with its passions and emotions, he will watch the great secret.Siddhartha doesnt spend much time as Buddha, although he has an importantrevelation. He discovers he cant find peace by learning from a master. Hefinds the only way to have peace with the world is by finding it for himself.When Siddhartha leaves Buddha, he is en thralled with the world. He startspaying more attention to the world because he knows he must get experience forhimself. As he walks he comes upon a town. He corset and becomes a merchant.At first he looks at his actions as a game. After a while he becomes moreserious. He starts drinking and looseness and becomes lazy. Siddhartha seesthis and decides to leave the town.He wanders through a forest and comes upon a

Roman Shit List :: essays research papers

Romans were collectors and admirers of Greek nontextual matter. Art from Greece was brought to Rome, copied, and also changed by the Romans. As a result, Roman art is somewhat based on Greek art. However, Roman art is not merely a continuation of Greek art. For an amateur it is difficult to determine mingled with the two art forms because neither the Romans nor the Greeks wrote down the history of their own art. The characteristics pertaining to each particular type of art atomic number 18 known to some extent, so the experts are relatively accurate in determining the separation of the two types of art. Roman art is divided into four categories portrait sculptures, paintings and mosaics, relief sculptures, and statues. Each of these has its own characteristics. portraying sculptures, designed by the Romans, shows the desire of the Romans for literalness it records even the homeliest features. This is demonstrated in the sculpture, Head of A Roman, made of marble in 80 B.C. The a rtist painstakingly account each rise and fall and each bulge and fold of the entire facial surface. It was as if the artist was acting like a map maker, arduous not to miss the slightest detail. The end product was a blunt, bald record of features. Idealism nor improvement of features was done causing the feeling of superrealism. Paintings and mosaics were influenced by the computer architecture of the Romans . Their architecture consisted of buildings containing a small number of doors and windows, thus leaving considerably large stretches of argue space suitable for decoration. The quality was determined by the importance and the riches of the patron. The walls were used for two things in Roman art. First, they were used as a barrier. Secondly, they were used to visually open the wall and enhance the space of the room. Only authoritative colors were used. These were deep red, yellow, green, violet and black. Two methods were used to prepare walls for painting. In one, plaste r was compounded with marble dust, then laid directly on the wall in several layers. It was eventually beaten smooth with a trowel until it became dense. Finally, it was polished to a marble finish. The wall was then ready to be multicolored with water colors or encaustic paints. The other method, called panel painting, consisted of stucco being applied to boards of cypress, pine, lime, oak, and larch.

Roman Shit List :: essays research papers

Romans were collectors and admirers of Greek art. Art from Greece was brought to Rome, copied, and also changed by the Romans. As a result, Roman art is roughwhat based on Greek art. However, Roman art is not merely a continuation of Greek art. For an amateur it is ambitious to determine between the two art forms because neither the Romans nor the Greeks wrote down the history of their own art. The characteristics pertaining to each particular type of art are known to some extent, so the experts are relatively accurate in determining the separation of the two types of art. Roman art is divided into four categories portrait sculptures, paintings and mosaics, relief sculptures, and statues. to each one of these has its own characteristics. Portrait sculptures, designed by the Romans, shows the desire of the Romans for literalness it records even the homeliest features. This is demonstrated in the sculpture, Head of A Roman, made of marble in 80 B.C. The artisan painstakingly repor ted each rise and fall and each bulge and fold of the entire facial surface. It was as if the artist was acting like a map maker, trying not to miss the slightest detail. The end product was a blunt, bald record of features. Idealism nor improvement of features was done causing the feeling of superrealism. Paintings and mosaics were influenced by the architecture of the Romans . Their architecture consisted of buildings containing a small number of doors and windows, thus leaving considerably large stretches of wall situation suitable for decoration. The quality was determined by the importance and the wealth of the patron. The walls were used for two things in Roman art. First, they were used as a barrier. Secondly, they were used to visually open the wall and enhance the space of the room. Only certain colors were used. These were deep red, yellow, green, violet and black. Two methods were used to prepare walls for painting. In one, plaster was compounded with marble dust, then l aid at present on the wall in several layers. It was eventually beaten smooth with a trowel until it became dense. Finally, it was polished to a marble finish. The wall was then sic to be painted with water colors or encaustic paints. The other method, called panel painting, consisted of stucco being applied to boards of cypress, pine, lime, oak, and larch.

Prejudice and Ethics in Counselling Essay

If a advocator finds herself drifting into judge intellectual thoughts upon listening to a client describe a lifestyle in which she eats every(prenominal) day, while attempting to lose weight, it will be extremely difficult for me to lionize the results of my emotional response to this judgemental attitude from reflecting in my voice and choice of words in working with the client. Clients whitethorn be dysfunctional, but they arnt emotionally insensitive or unintelligent, and are very apt(predicate) to hear the implied popular opinions of the healer.Obviously, this will do littler to establish or maintain the kind of trust necessary for effective counselling. I need to recognise this more in myself. I am trustworthy that intellectually I try to have no prejudices however I know that I do because I can tell by the short letter of my voice or the little voice that may appear in my head. I know that I am hypocritical in several of these instances. For example, I may think th at that unemployed heap are lazy, and that fat stack are lazy too, when I have been unemployed and not aspect for work. plane though I dont often think in prejudicial damage I can do if infra pressure and stressed, and looking for someone to blame. Therapists are necessarily aware of and respect cultural, individual, and role differences, including those establish on age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, actors line, and socio-economic status and consider these factors when working with members of much(prenominal) groups.Therapists try to eliminate the effect on their work of biases based on those factors, and they do not knowingly participate in or condone activities of others based upon such prejudices. Because of the tendency to generalize, rather than be specific, it is quite possible to encounter therapists who simply dont see obesity as a disability, and therefore excuse themselves, internally, from their prejudice in this area, rationalizing that the person is not disabled, but simply lazy. at that place are therapists who within the privacy of their own thoughts, may feel the aforementioned(prenominal) way about alcoholics or drug addicts. These therapists may realize that their prejudice is counter-productive to the therapeutic process, and may attempt to avoid voicing their feelings around other therapists or in the presence of their clients, but while they may succeed in not overtly expressing these feelings in front of their clients, they are usually unable to keep from letting them slip in the presence of their friends.If they are lucky, they will receive productive feedback, who may suffice them in overcoming their own prejudices. This, in fact, is the idea nates supervision in the therapeutic process, wherein a therapist is monitored and overseen by some other therapist who has more experience. This provides the opportunity for the therapist to be made aware of each limitations macrocosm imposed on the therapeutic process due to prejudicial attitudes, judgements, lack of education with regard to a particular malady, and many other areas.realistically not all therapists receive the benefits of adequate supervision, and it is quite possible to find those that are limited by the prejudices with which they, knowingly or unknowingly, view the world, of which their clients form a part. Specifically addressing areas Religious Affiliation Many of those who seek counselling have had atypical experiences in their upbringing. This often leads them into exploring areas of belief which most people with a more conventional upbringing would never consider appropriate, even if they were exposed to the opportunity.One example is Wicca which many people, out of ignorance, associate with devil-worship or something equivalent. If a counsellor is a devout Christian, with no exposure to the truth behind various forms of paganism, and if the clients belief in these things comes up in the course of therapy, it may be very difficult for the therapist to resist a little preaching or proselytizing, or to avoid associating the clients religious beliefs with their coincidentally different, and belike dysfunctional lifestyle. Obviously, if the client gets a smell out of this, they are likely to shut down and be little forthcoming with their thoughts and feelings.Class This comes under the heading of socio-economic status. There are some therapists who firmly believe in dressing down when working with clients from a disadvantaged socio-economic background. This doesnt guess looking sloppy or wearing torn jeans, but just dressing simply as in trousers and a t-shirt, rather than a suit. firearm there is some truth to the value of not unnecessarily emphasizing a visual difference between the therapist and the client there are other therapists who insist that they should dress according to status.I feel that a therapist should dress in what ever way makes them feel most comfortable, since it is this feeling of being comfortable that the client will notice. Of course, there are other ways in which the therapist can err in contrasting their fond status with that of the client. The client may get them to talking about themselves, and the therapist may let it slip that they just bought a new car. This does little to assist the client, and may aim the feeling that sure, the ideas you talk about work for you, but thats only because your life and background is so much better than tap heyll never work for me in my situation. For this reason, therapists are trained not to indulge in disclosure of their person-to-person life beyond what index be useful in establishing rapport with the client. Ethnicity This is a prominent area in which prejudice is not tolerable. There is a difference between overcoming prejudice against someone, and being proactive for someone of a race with which you are not closely acquainted. It is one thing to avoid politically incorrect vocabulary, but quite another to be aware of appropriate role models for those of another race, based on a knowledge of their contributions to society.Of course a client of colour is very likely to pick up on such limitations on the therapists part. Age Ageism is one of the most recent entries into the area of prejudicial conscience. Factors alter to this prejudice include fear of death and loss of control, an almost worshipful regard for youth and beauty, a societal sense of self-worth based on productivity, and a stereo example of the elderly as being institutionalized and in poor health something which is simply not the case with the majority of precedentials today.Counselling a senior in regard to their love life will obviously be a stretch for the counsellor who is not age positive. Seniors are especially likely to be aware of, and sensitive to, any indication on the part of the therapist that they view them in some judgemental way as the yve learned a lot about reading people in their lifetimes. Gender Sexism can severely compromise the ability of a therapist to nurture the self-esteem and independency necessary for a client to progress.A female therapist who is unable to get past her own expectations that a male should be the strong, responsible provider in a relationship is not likely to be of much value to a male client who needs to take the time past from such responsibilities which will facilitate his ability to explore deeply repressed feelings. Also women who have had a bad experience with a certain type of chauvinistic male may then begin to see men as inferior and have difficulty dealing with an assertive male. A therapist who has herself experienced domestic violence may feel uneasy or threatened by a male who divulges that he is or was a wife-beater.The therapist must be able to compartmentalise her own feelings in order to treat the client. Sexual Orientation and Practices Prejudice against a gay male m ay be inseparable from prejudice against the practice of anal sex. It is also equally possible for a male therapist to resent a gay female. despite is a difficult emotion to mask, and a client with an alternate orientation, or the practitioner of an unusual sexual lifestyle, maybe more likely to keep this quiet. If this learning is never disclosed due to fear of repugnance, it may hamper the progress of therapy. Mental Health DiagnosisMost therapists have been carefully trained to be cognizant of the very real stigma which a diagnosis of mental illness can cause in the experience of a client. When you consider that a large percentage of therapists initially enter the field of mental health either seeking to comprehend their own problems or out of the desire to servicing others which is based on having been raised in an emotional environment which promotes the dysfunctional beliefs of co-dependency, it is not hard to understand that they might a familiarity with the trauma of ment al illness in the course of their own upbringing.Such a background can emerge during therapy as fear of, or repulsion by, certain symptoms or behaviours which might have been exhibited by family members during their own childhood, and caused them to experience their own traumas. If these feelings havent been resolved, the therapist may resist the very presence of the client whose behaviours trigger discordant emotions from their own past. It is hardly therapeutic for the therapist to feel threatened by the client when they are at their worst in terms of symptoms or behaviours.A therapist who is only comfortable with clients who are acting normal isnt much good. Physical Disorders Any disability which is not understood can engender fear and loathing, nervousness and uncertainty. A client with cerebral palsy in addition to a mental disorder may have to work at finding a therapist who has the patience, compassion and education about the physical condition needed to make any headway in to the mental condition.In this sense it is also a responsibility of the client to interview the therapist to ascertain that the therapist is competent. Most therapists eventually realize that the nature of their occupation requires that they work on and resolve their own issues as diligently as they work on resolving the issues of their clients. Having removed the emotional blocks which might cause them to unconsciously stifle the feelings nd behaviours of their clients, they still need to educate themselves in the area of multicultural awareness so as to be able to provide motivation and proactive management to the clients in their charge regardless of age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language, socio-economic status, or any combination of these. Other things that may induce prejudice are slang expression the use of specialized language, creating barriers which reinforce power differences. Stereot ypes terms used to refer to people from different groups, i. e. older people as old dears. Stigma terms such as mental handicap carry a damaging stigma. Exclusion this might be inadvertently asking a Muslim what his Christian name is, rather than his first name. Depersonalization this relates to terms such as the elderly rather than older people and the mentally ill rather than people with mental distress Use of language with clients I believe it is critically important to explore our use of language as therapists.Mindful of some of the settings in which counsellors work and the specific difficulties clients struggle with, we need to be sensitive to some of the words in common use and which are deeply offensive. Working with people who have dependency problem we must be aware not to term suffers as drug user, drug abuser, drug cart or recreational drug use, alcoholic, alcohol abuser/misuser It is only in recent years that we have developed a language to describe the phenomen on of child sexual abuse.Previously there was no discourse and childrens distress went often unheeded. Burstow (1992 202) refers to eating disorders as troubled eating. She says There is nothing more orderly than the precise regimen that women who are anorexic follow. We hear of date rape and somehow it is thought to be less traumatic or damaging than other rape. Burstow (1992) refers to psychiatric survivors having been psychiatrized by the system, and Wilson and Beresford (2000) use the term people with madness and distress rather than the more sanitized mental health service users.It is important for the therapist to develop awareness of the social and political backdrop to their clients stories. Does this woman, for example, stay in a violent relationship because of her personal psychology, or do issues of poverty and powerlessness and lack of appropriate support services contribute to her problems. Is she a black woman? What would her (and her childrens) experience be of a refu ge where all the other women, including workers, were white. And if she were a lesbian, how might she be received or understood by her heterosexual peers.

Lord of the Flies Setting

Bader al Issaei January 24, 13 Lord of the Flies The author Sir William Golding created the fiction Lord of the Flies. This author uses the setting to bristle the main theme of the story. The setting did substantively create the theme of the story and with come in it piggy could consume lived. Without this setting the unit story could crap changed because it story base be in a large number or in Lon fool or even their country. Then the whole story in that case impart change.To add to that, in that respect might non be a problem or a lord of the locomote. There were a lot of settings he could have chosen but he lonesome(prenominal) chose one, which is the island. He chose where to put the conch and he chose to put a castle rock, and he also chose where to put lord of the flies and what the weather will be. The source of this story created m both ways for using the setting, one general way is the geography of the island, he chose the island, witch I dont think is a real is land in the Pacific Ocean I think he created it, and this island changed the humanity of the boys.In the beginning of the story we ar introduced to the creepers, darn loutish was following Ralph we found out that Piggy has asthma. Ralph goes to the beach and finds a washup pool. So like a normal boy he jumps in the bathing pool but Piggy cant move because of the asthma he has. Piggy tests the water, and it was warm. Then we find out that Ralph can swim because his dad is a commander in the navy and he taught him. Piggys mom and dad are dead and he lives with his aunt.Then, Ralph found a conch and blew it to call the others so he was voted as chief, he told the others if they want to talk they have to hold the conch. Now the conch became an important symbol in the story and it symbolizes order. In the end of the first chapter Ralph, Jack and Simon break off that it is an island and that there are pigs. Ralph wanted to make a fire but the first one was non infra control and burn ed a monumental part of the island. The second fire was the signal fire and it was on top of the mountain so it is in the tenderness of the island.Now the fire symbolizes the rescue. William Golding chose an atomic war and higher up these boys at night there was a plane battle, in the meantime the match where taking watch of the fire. unawares a dead Pilate was ejected from the plane and the twins thought that it was the beast. Jack, Ralph and the hunters went to see the beast and discovered the castle rock. It is the distance that symbolizes savagery and the place where they killed Piggy, also k immediatelyn in the un chummy part of the island. When Ralph, Jack and Roger sawing machine the beast at night they ran letting others believe in the beast.Castle rock is now the place for the hunters and littluns and their chief is Jack. Without the Pigs there wont be any hunter and it would be more peaceful, they could have just eaten fruit. The castle rock is a very rocky place wi th a lot of sunlight and heat, and that is not a perfect place to live in. It is the opposite from Simons nature place even the author utter Flower and fruit grew together on the same tree and everywhere was a scent of ripeness and booming of a million bees at pasture. Page 61,W. Golding. The writer cut the island into deuce attitudes, an unfriendly side and the friendly side. For example when Simon dies the writer says The water rose further and dressed Simons coarse hair with cleverness Page 180W. Golding. He said this because he died in the friendly side. Piggy, in the other hand, died in the unfriendly side of the island, the writer said the rock stuck Piggy a glancing blow from chin to stifle the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments. Page 212 W.Golding, so that didnt seam as a summercater sight. You can find the difference now with the two places. To add to that, Ralph was rescued when he came to the friendly side. William Golding added to the geography of the is land a thicket next to the castle rock, and it was not put by accident, he did it so that Ralph would hide in it, but because it was in the unfriendly side Jack burned the whole island to get him out, he did and then got rescued. If you notice there are only one beach and the rest are cliffs.I think that the beach symbolizes something, which is the tribes home. They even have shelters in there and a bathing pool right next to the platform. Also, the writer putted the Lord of the Flies next to Simons mat as borders of the friendly side and the unfriendly. That is why Simon was confident when he went up to the mountain also he could have left the parachutist on top of the mountain as a proof that there is no beast. Sir William Golding is a smart writer because he has made a map in his head that really re acquited to the whole story.This story mostly talks rough the darkness inside the humans and how a war can happen, more over how the civilization could have started. The island took aside all the humanity in them forcing them to act like savages. The whole island could have won the war yet no one did even the leaders of these two tribes still hate each othe r. The psyche who created this map wanted that war to happen and wanted Ralph to survive. God created the Earths map and I am sure he created it for a reason. volume count 1,010 wordsLord of the Flies SettingBader al Issaei January 24, 13 Lord of the Flies The author Sir William Golding created the story Lord of the Flies. This author uses the setting to develop the main theme of the story. The setting did really create the theme of the story and without it Piggy could have lived. Without this setting the whole story could have changed because it story can be in a camp or in London or even their country. Then the whole story in that case will change.To add to that, there might not be a problem or a lord of the flies. There were a lot of settings he could have chosen but he only chose one, which is the isl and. He chose where to put the conch and he chose to put a castle rock, and he also chose where to put lord of the flies and what the weather will be. The writer of this story created many ways for using the setting, one general way is the geography of the island, he chose the island, witch I dont think is a real island in the Pacific Ocean I think he created it, and this island changed the humanity of the boys.In the beginning of the story we are introduced to the creepers, while Piggy was following Ralph we found out that Piggy has asthma. Ralph goes to the beach and finds a bathing pool. So like a normal boy he jumps in the bathing pool but Piggy cant swim because of the asthma he has. Piggy tests the water, and it was warm. Then we find out that Ralph can swim because his dad is a commander in the navy and he taught him. Piggys mom and dad are dead and he lives with his aunt.Then, Ralph found a conch and blew it to call the others so he was voted as chief, he told the others if they want to talk they have to hold the conch. Now the conch became an important symbol in the story and it symbolizes order. In the end of the first chapter Ralph, Jack and Simon discover that it is an island and that there are pigs. Ralph wanted to make a fire but the first one was not under control and burned a big part of the island. The second fire was the signal fire and it was on top of the mountain so it is in the center of the island.Now the fire symbolizes the rescue. William Golding chose an atomic war and above these boys at night there was a plane battle, in the meantime the twins where taking watch of the fire. Suddenly a dead Pilate was ejected from the plane and the twins thought that it was the beast. Jack, Ralph and the hunters went to see the beast and discovered the castle rock. It is the place that symbolizes savagery and the place where they killed Piggy, also known in the unfriendly part of the island. When Ralph, Jack and Roger saw the beast at night they ran letting others believe in the beast.Castle rock is now the place for the hunters and littluns and their chief is Jack. Without the Pigs there wont be any hunter and it would be more peaceful, they could have just eaten fruit. The castle rock is a very rocky place with a lot of sunlight and heat, and that is not a perfect place to live in. It is the opposite from Simons nature place even the author said Flower and fruit grew together on the same tree and everywhere was a scent of ripeness and booming of a million bees at pasture. Page 61,W. Golding. The writer cut the island into two sides, an unfriendly side and the friendly side. For example when Simon dies the writer says The water rose further and dressed Simons coarse hair with brightness Page 180W. Golding. He said this because he died in the friendly side. Piggy, in the other hand, died in the unfriendly side of the island, the writer said the rock stuck Piggy a glancing blow from chin to knee the conch exploded into a thousa nd white fragments. Page 212 W.Golding, so that didnt seam as a fun sight. You can find the difference now with the two places. To add to that, Ralph was rescued when he came to the friendly side. William Golding added to the geography of the island a thicket next to the castle rock, and it was not put by accident, he did it so that Ralph would hide in it, but because it was in the unfriendly side Jack burned the whole island to get him out, he did and then got rescued. If you notice there are only one beach and the rest are cliffs.I think that the beach symbolizes something, which is the tribes home. They even have shelters in there and a bathing pool right next to the platform. Also, the writer putted the Lord of the Flies next to Simons mat as borders of the friendly side and the unfriendly. That is why Simon was confident when he went up to the mountain also he could have left the parachutist on top of the mountain as a proof that there is no beast. Sir William Golding is a smar t writer because he has made a map in his head that really reacted to the whole story.This story mostly talks about the darkness inside the humans and how a war can happen, more over how the civilization could have started. The island took away all the humanity in them forcing them to act like savages. The whole island could have won the war yet no one did even the leaders of these two tribes still hate each othe r. The person who created this map wanted that war to happen and wanted Ralph to survive. God created the Earths map and I am sure he created it for a reason. Word count 1,010 words

Philippineâ€American War

The PhilippineAmerican War, also known as the Philippine War of Independence or the Philippine insubordination (18991902), was an armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the United States which arose from the struggle of the First Philippine Republic to gain independence following appropriation by the United States.The war was part of a series of conflicts in the Philippine struggle for independence, preceded by the Philippine Revolution and the Spanish-American War. Fighting erupted between U. S. and Philippine revolutionary forces on February 4, 1899, and quickly escalated into the 1899 Battle of Manila.On June 2, 1899, the First Philippine Republic officially declared war against the United States. The war officially ended on July 4, 1902. Members of the Katipunan society continued to battle the American forces. Among them was General Macario Sacay, a veteran Katipunan member who assumed the presidency of the proclaimed Tagalog Republic, formed in 1902 af ter the take over of President Aguinaldo. Other groups, including the Moro people and Pulahanes, continued hostilities until their defeat at the Battle of Bud Bagsak on June 15, 1913 Opposition to the war inspired Mark Twain to put up the Anti-Imperialist League on June 15, 1898.The war and occupation by the United States would change the cultural landscape of the islands, as the people dealt with an estimated 34,0001,000,000 casualties, disestablishment of the Catholic Church as the enunciate religion, and the introduction of the English language as the primary language of government and some businesses. In 1916, the United States granted the Philippines autonomy and promised eventual self-government, which came in 1934. In 1946, following World War II, the United States recognized Philippine Independence through the Treaty of Manila.

Pompeii- Politcal Life

Pompeii, as a typical papist colony provincial towns, was self-administrating in local matters, but subject to everywhere-embellished decree from Rome. However, the emperor rarely interfered except where the empires security or local order was threatened. After the revolt in the amphitheatre between Pompeians and Nucerians in AD 59 the emperor, Nero, dismissed the two chief magistrates, had two more elected and appointed a law-giving prefect to supervise them. The inhabitants did not rail against much(prenominal) interference and constantly demonstrated their loyalty to the imperial family by constructing dedicatory statues, shrines, arches and buildings.The actual government, the executive body, consisted of two duumviri and two aediles, annually elected by the comitium, the peoples assembly of which all adult male citizens were members. The Duumviri were the two chief magistrates of each town and were placed the highest in political life. During their years of office, the Duumv iri wore a toga with a deep-chested purple boarder and would enjoy the best seats at the public games or at the theatre. Because they were endowed with the power to revise the Council Roll, the Quinquennales commanded the greatest respect.The annual option of these four magistrates was the comitiums hardly function, and the elections did not fail to generate a fair deal of passion and excitement which can be seen in blood line A which is showing graffiti of a political matter drawn on a wall to notify the people of Pompeii about the political occurrence occurring. Of the four magistrates, the two aediles were in charge of public buildings, including temples such as the synagogue of Isis, which can be seen in source B. The Temple of Isis In Pompeii, only(prenominal) freeborn male citizens over 25 with good moral character could vote.Housing blocks or districts constituted electoral areas. The Senatorial and the Equestrian classes represented and served the Roman Emperor. For s enators, it was a hereditary position, with the requirement to have property valued at 1 million secterces. Senators were usually wealthy Romans who visited their villas in Pompeii. Equites were identified by togas with a narrow purple stripe. Equites served the Emperor in important posts such as commanders of fire services and military officers. It was not a hereditary position and was only given to men with property equal to 400,000 secterces.Decurions, were elected to run the town. Two were called duumviri, and were senior magistrates. They presided over elections, carried out decrees of the Decurion council, and were in charge of justice and finance. The two secondary Decurions were the Aediles. They managed the dayto- day running of the town, upkeep of public buildings, water supply, sanitation, street markets and maintained order. Aediles were unpaid and needed other occupations to pay their employees. Politics and religion were heavily intertwined, where sacred roles became political.The Augustales was an imperial cult of freedmen, which afforded its members political power. Membership was purchased therefore a degree of wealth was required. Located one block away from the Forum in Pompeii is the Temple of Fortuna Augusta which housed the Augustales. characteristic was self-governance. .The duumviri were in charge of justice. Every five years, the duumviri were also responsible for organizing the census of all citizens and of revising the list of members of the ordo decurionum, the legislative council (or senate).It had about coulomb members (decuriones), among them the former magistrates and other citizens appointed by the duumviri every five years. They had to be free-born citizens and wealthy enough to be able to spend considerable sums on the community. more or less professions (such as gladiators, actors and innkeepers) were excluded from membership, which otherwise appears to have been relatively open. The Aediles, however, being the two lower ranking magistrates of the two towns, were responsible for the everyday administration.The reconstruction of Pompeiis political mental synthesis is mainly based on epigraphical evidence such as the many election slogans on the walls of private as well public buildings, and on comparisons with other, alike colonies. The dramatic change from basically independent Samnite town to a Roman colony had of course a great impact on Pompeiis townscape and the life style of its inhabitants. The epigraphic evidence suggests that political activity in Pompeii was intense, especially leading up to the elections in March of each year.It appears from the thousands of electoral notices painted on the walls that most people, including women, were politically aware and enthusiastic. BUILDINGS The city council met in the lavishly decorated Curia chamber on the southern side of the Forum adjacent to the Comitium (Peoples assembly) in the southern-eastern corner. The Comitium was a roofless building where town meetings were held during which the citizens could question the members of the government. The evidence for heavy gates suggests that some meetings might have been quite boisterous.It may also have been used on polling day. On the other side of the Curia was the small Tabularium where all the government. Business was recorded and filed, including tax records. Next door were the offices of the magistrates. The basilica was the seat of the judiciary and law courts, as well as a centre for business activities. Basilicas usually followed a standard plan a long rectangular central hall, flanked on each side by a colonnaded aisle and an apse at one end. The central hall in Pompeiis Basilica was two historied with light filtering through from the upper gallery.At one end, five doors linked the hall with the Forum and at the other was a raised podium where the magistrate, as judge, sat above the lawyers, witnesses, plaintiffs and defendants. It is believed that the tribunal po dium was accessed by portable wooden steps which were removed during a session so that the public could not gather the judge. The two duoviri made judgements about unworthy decurions, electoral candidates without the required qualifications, inappropriate behaviour during elections, and misuse of public funds, robberies and murder.They were responsible for sentencing, but could only give the stopping point penalty to foreigners and slaves. ELECTION FEVER About half of the electoral manifestos and propaganda discovered in Pompeii related to the election of March AD 79. Earlier slogans were whitewashed over to make advertising room for the next group of candidates. To identify himself, a candidate wore a white toga (candida) and employed a slave to whisper his prepare to all with whom he came in contact (nomenclator).

Discrimination and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 Essay

The South was racially biased for years after the Civil War. The Southern states would create legislation to enact Jim Crow laws upon the dreary participation. Segregation was at its peak in the United States and the melanise community of interests had been oppressed long enough. Conforming to the segregated South single make waterd hostility. The disposal that accepted blacks as members of society ignored them. In fact, the government that could protect the black community from the violence incurred by terrorist groups was often members of the groups themselves.Rebellion was the only and final option. In order for the Voting Rights performance of 1965 to be ratified by Congress, the black community needed to rebel a profitst the Jim Crow laws of the South, the violence invoked by hate organizations, as well as (with assistance from lily- black-and-blue college assimilators) the hypocrisies of the United States government. Jim Crow became a general term apply in the South to refer to the segregation and contrast laws that affected African-American demeanor. The name originated from an 1832 song called Jump Jim Crow by Thomas Rice (Hillstrom 9).The song may have been named after a striver that Rice knew or from the expression black as a crow. The main purpose of Jim Crow laws was to segregate and disenfranchise the black community. During the Jim Crow era, assorted states passed laws that banned blacks from hospitals, schools, parks, theaters, and breatheaurants (Hillstrom 9). In all cases, the facilities marked coloredwere noticeably inferior to the uncloudeds. Many cities and states would ratify their own specific Jim Crow laws.Some laws such as blacks having to cross the street when a white woman, on the same sidewalk, was walking toward them or maintaining a separate building, on separate ground, for the admission, care, instruction, and support of all cover persons of colored or black race (Bell 4) were absurd. In the summer of 1955, a 14-y ear-old boy was brutally beaten and killed for allegedly whistling at a white woman. The husband and brother-in-law of the woman were charged with murder but were acquitted of all charges after only sixty minutes of deliberation.In an interview months later, with protection from the constitutive(a) clause of double jeopardy, both brothers openly admitted, without remorse, to maiming and killing the boy. The quick deliberation and acquittal outraged the country and helped to energize the Civil Rights Movement. The Jim Crow laws were progressively getting worse for the black community. Lawmakers needed to be black, or abolitionists, in order for the laws to change. Rebellion by way of the ballot box was the answer. In The United States, the republican process is supposed to allow voters a chance to correct social injustices.Citizens within the black community should have the ability to vote black candidates into office. Blacks could prefer city council members, mayors, judges, and even state representatives. But in Mississippi the people in power, all of whom were white, denied blacks the opportunity to vote. The white community believed that if blacks achieved the right hand to vote, they would make up the majority. The black majority would force out the racist whites from power and change the social injustices.Mississippi Senator Eugene Bilbo stated, If you let a few (blacks) register to vote this year, close year there will be twice as many, and the first thing you know, the whole thing will be out of hand (Aretha 20). The black community needed to vote in order to achieve change. Without the right to vote, segregation and the disenfranchisement of African-Americans would cease to change. The southern-white lawmakers created a complicated system to keep African-Americans from voting. White local anesthetic and state officials systematically kept blacks from voting through formal methods, such as poll taxes and literacy tests (Summer 1964).The literacy t est prevented even educated African-Americans from achieving voter registration. The test indispensable voters to read and interpret a section of the state constitution to the satisfactory of the registrar (Aretha 21). This allowed white registrars to decide whether or not a person passed. nigh blacks, even those with doctoral degrees, failed (Cozzens 1). Fear was a constant tactic for the racist south. Black applicants had to give, under oath, information about his or her address, employment, and family members.This information would then be given to the applicants employer, the KKK, and other organizations (Let granting immunity Ring 149). Having the bravery to rebel against society, by registering to vote, caused many blacks to hero-worship retaliation from the KKK and their employer. In the post-Civil War era many white Southerners resented the changes imposed by the Union. In the years during Reconstruction, terrorist groups sprang up all over the south. The Ku Klux Klan (K KK) and the White Citizens Council, the uptown Klan, which was often made up of sheriffs, doctors, lawyers, and even mayors, quickly gain thousands of members across the south.The KKK had four explicit tactics in their war against blacks, First was cross burning, second would be the burning and dynamiting of houses and buildings, third was flogging, and the Fourth was extermination (Watson 143). In 1964, a single Mississippian county had 37 churches and 30 black homes and businesses were finishbombed or burned, and the cases often went unsolved (Summer 1964). Hate crimes were becoming increasingly common and extremely brutal passim the South. The black community needed and sought change.After many years of brutality and hatred, many blacks believed they were inferior to whites. To combat the inferiority thought, Bob Moses created exemption Schools and community centers open to the black community. The community centers would offer facilities limited by the Jim Crow system librarie s, arts and crafts, daycare, and literacy classes (Burner 124). Freedom Schools taught students African-American history and current events. Moses saw the Freedom Schools as an opportunity to teach the politics of Mississippi and begin to build a core of educated leadership in the state (Burner 124).Members of SNCC and CORE believed that confusion was a necessity, and rebelling with nonviolent methods would allow the nation to see the atrocities inflicted in the south. In order to gain momentum, the black community needed assistance from the federal government and the national media. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) came to the forefront for reform. In 1961, seven blacks and six whites tested the federal law, which called for the desegregation on interstate travel. Called the Freedom Riders, thirteen people rode buses into the south, daring the federal government to enforce the law.The Freedom Riders were arrested in North Carolina, beaten by mobs in South Carol ina, and saw their buses fire bombed in Alabama (Watson 24). The thirteen men rode into the south with whites sitting in the back of the bus, the blacks in the front, and would use the same facilities at bus stations as stated by federal law. James Farmer, one of the thirteen riders and the director of CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) stated, We felt we could count on the racists of the South to create a crisis so that the federal government would be compelled to enforce the law (Cozzens 1).The rebellion of the thirteen brave men to ride into the south created the national media attention the activistic desperately needed. The national media started to show the country how hypocritical the United States had become. Men of many races fought for their country in a time of war, but came home to a country that was at war within itself. In the early 1960s, the black community rebelling for oppose rights began to capture the attention of Americans across the country. 1964, a president ial preference year, was a pivotal time to rebel for the African-American right to vote. For generations the south held a dominant Democratic Party.Rebelling against the injustices set by the whites-only Democratic Party could only be changed by use of the ballot box. Bob Moses, a member of SNCC, decided to send offer ups into Mississippi to register voters. The voter registration drive came to be known as Freedom Summer. Bob Moses outlined the goals of Freedom Summer as to increase black voter registration and to organize a legally constituted Freedom Democratic Party to compete with the whites-only Democratic Party. Moses instructed recruits, Dont come to Mississippi this summer to save the Mississippi Negro. entirely come if you understand, really understand, that his freedom and yours are one (Aretha 41). To achieve the attention of the national media, Moses and other members of SNCC decided to recruit white college students from the north. Violence against Northern Whites wou ld at least get Mississippi on the nightly news (Rachall 173). Children of the dominant social class, rebelling against their parents and the accepted society of the south, in fact attracted national attention. Moses stated, These students bring the rest of the country with them. They are from good schools and their parents are influential.The interest of the country is awakened and when that happens, the government responds (Aretha 30). Rebelling against the hypocrisies of their nation, their parents, and even society, white college students came by the hundreds to volunteer for Freedom Summer. Volunteers went to Oxford, Ohio, before long the campus of Miami University, for a weeklong orientation. Volunteers were not going to be paid and would need to support themselves. They were told to bring money for living expenses, bail, and even medical bills if necessary. The volunteers had to be fain for death.James Forman, of SNCC, told the volunteers, I may be killed, you may be killed , the whole staff may be killed (Cozzens 3). The students were told that if arrested, go to jail quietly. The authorities would have cause to react violently if volunteers were to resist. The national media and the south would exploit the aggression and discredit the actions of a nonaggressive rebellion. Rebellious college students used Hitler and Mussolinis ideologies, fascism and the idea of a coupled master race, as a direct correlation to what was happening to blacks in the South.World War II was only twenty years prior and the frigorific War was just beginning. Many Americans still held hostility towards Germany and the idea of racial class distinctions. The spread of communism and Nuclear War were constant backdrops to every eve newscast. If the United States could announce to the world their Policy of Containment then the world should hear about hypocrisy within the United States. The Blacks and volunteers used the memories of the war to prove how fascist ideas were cosm os entertained. Rebelling and protesting would allow the world to see the deceitful ways America.In June 1964 rebellion against hate crimes, voter rights, and the segregation of blacks was underway. A Michigan State student said of their arrival in Mississippi, The greyhound bus dropped us off on a residential street, we had no idea where we were. Almost immediately we found ourselves being circled by pickup trucks with rifles and big dogs in the back (Aretha 47). Jane Adams, Southern Illinois University, stated, Mississippi had geared up for war. They saw us as invaders coming in for a complete assault on their way of life. Everybody on both sides expected that there would be a bloodbath. We all expected we could die (Aretha 47).Two white men and a black man rebelling against southern society were easy targets for police. Two white men, Michael Schwerner and Andrew Goodman, as well as a black volunteer James Chaney were last seen going to a bombed out church to offer their condolen ces to the congregation and to offer their assistance with the investigation. The men disappeared after being singled out by the racist authorities. The next day, staff called police when the three men failed to check in at their headquarters. The police, often members of the KKK, often used their authority to invoke fear into both black and white volunteers.KKK pamphlets declared, We are now in the midst of the long, hot summer of agitation which was promised to the Innocent People of Mississippi by the brutal blacks and their communist masters (Watson 142). After the disappearance of Schwerner, Goodman, and Chaney, President Johnson and the FBI became involved. The story of the missing, as well as the peaceful rebellion, quickly gained national attention. Two of the mens skin color became a key factor for the instant media. Rita Shwerner declared, We all know that the search with hundreds of sailors is because my husband and Goodman are white.If only Chaney was involved, nothing would have been through (Rachal 168). The media may have not paid much attention if only a black man went missing. The media told the story of the missing men on across the country televised nightly newscasts and public outcry immediately followed. Finally the south received assistance from the federal government. Lyndon Johnson sent hundreds of men from the military to search for the three men. As the search went on, the Mississippi Governor and a member of the White Citizens Council exclaimed, Of course I dont approve of murder, but those kids were asking for trouble (Aretha 50).The scene and beaten bodies of the missing men were found after a month. It later surfaced that the local police arrested the three men for speeding. After dark, the police released the men to the KKK. xviii men were originally arrested but only a few were convicted and served light sentences. Finally in 2005, 41 years after the murders, Edgar Ray Killen was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to thr ee life sentences, without the possibility of parole, to be served in succession. After the deaths of Schwerner, Goodman, and Chaney was the perfect time for blacks to rebel louder.To achieve the voting rights for the segregated community, the rebellious blacks and whites created a stronger alliance than ever before. By coming together, the black community showed America that the rebellion would not end until equal rights and the ability to vote was achieved. The summer of 1964 became the high water mark for equal rights in America. Freedom Summer along with nonviolent protests across the south lead to the signing of Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The Voting Rights Act prohibits voting practices or procedures that discriminate on the basis of race, color.Discrimination to voting applies nationwide to any voting standard, practice, or procedure that results in the denial of the right of any citizen to vote. Section 2 is permanent and has no expiration date (Section 2). R ebellion was a necessity to end the disenfranchisement of the African-American community. Rebellion for the black community was not to conform to the racist south, but to consciously do the opposite. Without rebellion and bravery the south may have never changed. Volunteer Bruce Hartford professed, We used to say If you dont like the history theyre teaching you in school, go out and make some of your own (Aretha 35).

Helth and Saftey Childcare Assignment Essay

There ar many legislations that influence healthy, safe and secure milieu for other(a) years riding horses. The Heath and guard (young persons) Regulations 1997 states that Employers need to comp allowe s fool assessments for people under 18 years of age. (Thornes 2008 pg84) It too states that if any hazards are the setting, and so give them training that the student, trainee or bat experience people whitethorn nee to do with that particular hazard. Another legislation is Health and Safety at form Act 1974. This legislation is the iodine that provides general guidance somewhat all this health and safety and movementers must shed policies and appendages saying how the health and safety entrust be ensured and then pass these policies and procedures. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 1994 is also part of the legislation for a healthy, safe and secure environment and states that a risk assessment should be do on hazards and polish off sure t o store clutch as the COSHH regulations are. Reporting injuries diseases and dangerous pass alongrences Regulations (RIDDOR) 1995.E2 Describe the producers which will guard a electric razor safe for each(prenominal) accident, illness or emergency.There are many procedures which keep children safe for each accident, illness or emergency and each childcare setting will have exclusion for illness policy. In my setting the exclusion policy states that all children should be excluded if they have an illness until recovered to prevent any integrity else in the setting getting infected. Any illness or accident will be recorded in the accident book and they do this in my work organization by writing down all the details of the incident or emergency. The childs medical records must be taking into custodyed, and where appropriate acted upon and then parents/guardians will be contacted to pick up their child. If parents/guardians are not reached, the childs emergency contacts will be c all up. In my work placement all round take note this by carrying it out the correct way.Afterwards the child should be regularly checked to see if any mobilize is more serious. One record copy of the child will be taken to the doctors to make sure staff deal withany recorded conditions and then the staff at the setting sewer keep a record of it and keep in contact with parents/guardians. Every childcare setting will keep a record of the childs symptoms and the actions regular checks on the child and each time the action was taken. The staffs at my work placement setting eternally have copies if an incident or accident happens and make regular checks which they keep an up to date record of the child. On discovering a fire or demoralise sound, the room leader should then gather the register, visitor book and nursery contact numbers.Nursery stuff will help get the children out the setting by evacuating the building from the nearest fire doors. Once left building all staff and ch ildren line up at the assemble point and when lie up the room leader checks register to check all children are present. Afterwards the staff and children must not return to the building until the building has been stated safe by the fire brigade. Once this has been through with(p), the children and staff jackpot return back to the setting safely. An physical exercise of an illness would be vomiting or diarrhoea. An example of an accident would be a child bumping his/her head. An example of an emergency would be a fire.E3 Plan the appropriate care of a child aged 1 for a full daytime in the setting.E4 Plan the appropriate care of a child aged 3 years for a full day in the setting.E5 Describe the issues that affect the prep of a contest environment for children.There are many issues that affect the planning of a challenging environment for children. The first issue can be identifying childrens take as this can stop the practician from being able to meet their needs in planning the challenging environment for them to be able to record in, articulate and take risks. The second issue can be equipment is it safe and suitable because this is decisive for the children to be able to have in a challenging environment and age staged appropriate equipment.The third issue that affects the planning of a challenging environment may be the size or layout of the area. The Forth issue can be environmental factors such astemperature, safety, ect It will have an pitch on how effective the challenging environment is. The fifth issue can be that is there supervision and enough of it. The sixth issue that affects the planning of a challenging environment maybe type of setting. The seventh issue could be consulting children as is it developmentally appropriate.E6 Describe the initiatives which influence the provision of challenging environments for children. + C1 valuate how two initiatives contribute to the provision of an enabling environment for children.A national ini tiative which influences the provision of challenging environments for children is Swedish school as they apply the woodwind instrument education approach. This national initiative influences provisions because children are learning in a different environment which has more outdoor and physical development on the children. They aim to let children explore and run into stuff in the woods and forest such as everyday products from wood. a unique way of running(a) with young people in a woodland setting, helping them to achieve minuscular practicable tasks, learning about fire safety, woodland management and so onIt complements the Early Years curriculum in particular but also supports the 5-16 curriculum. Disaffected children, those with emotional or behavioral difficulties or exhibiting challenging behavior are all seen to benefit and can be turned around by the Forest School experience. Forest School particularly suits the kinaesthetic learner (those that learn by doing) who fai ls to achieve in a formal school setting. These children are immediately engaged in the tasks set as they suit their way of learning. (http//www.infomat.net/infomat/rd741/rd1/database/Forest_Education/index.asp)A local initiative which influences the provision of challenging environments for children is Montessori such as The Oratory Day Nursery in Burnham. This local initiative influences provisions because children learn independently through tasks to meet their skill for their age without a long-term disadvantage in their gross motor skills (Thornes 2008 pg250) They aim to make children do many activities which invite the children to use theirhands. The Montessori approach is use in my current setting Oratory Day Care Nursery by having set activities for the children to choose from then let children do the activity whilst the practitioners observe and only interacts in the activity to give guidance. This approach also say that First education of the senses, then education of th e intellect. (Thornes 2008 pg250).E7 excuse the importance of helping children to manage risk and repugn in their environment.It is important for children to be helped to learn to assess and manage risk and challenge. It will be undeniable for the adult to teach the child the skills he/she will need to learn about assessing and managing risk and challenge. The child can also learn to understand consequences of the challenge and risk themselves. It also teaches them, limits and binderies that they can take with them throughout their everyday life. Most importantly it teaches to progress in their education by developing and doing these challenges and risks with the adults help. In my placement I have seen this happen by practitioners allowing for the children to explore the garden for themselves and one girl was climbing up the little hill for the first time and slipped and flee over.This was a challenge for her because she had to get up to the top and her risk was that she fell bu t next time she will climb up the hill, she would know the risk and what may happen next time. All children both need and want to take risk in order to explore limits, venture into new experiences and develop their capacities from a very young age and from their earliest play experiences. Children would never learn to walk, climb stairs or ride a bicycle unless they were wet motivated to respond o challenges involving risk of injuries. (www.freeplaynetwork.org.uk/adventure/manage.htm)E8 show an understanding of diversity and inclusive practice.Diversity and inclusive practise need to be silent and carried out in every childcare setting. Therefore each practitioner should remember to treat every child and their families fairly without discrimination. This canbe done by for example letting all children join in an activity and not saying they cant play because of their colour, size, shape, disability, ability in activity. They should also not stereotype both the children and families that they work with. By doing this, practitioners can meet each childs needs as an case-by-case and are allowing for the rights of the children and their families to take place. Childcare workers are very influential in the promotion of childrens attitude and values. Children will take their cue from adult responses and reactions. Because of their powerful role, it is important that staff take issues of equality seriously and do not ignore them. (Thornes 2008 pg93)In my current setting Oratory Day Nursery, all staff carrying out and understand diversity and inclusive practice by following the equal opportunities policy and enabling that each child gets the chance to develop, learn and play as an individual in the setting with the right to be heard and valued. D1 develop how legislation can support strategies to establish and maintain healthy, safe and secure environments in primeval years settings. There are many ways that legislation can support strategies to establish and main tain healthy, safe and secure environment in early years settings. The most important thing that supports a healthy, safe and secure environment is having policies and procedures as this will help everyone in the setting to keep to the akin rules. Having CRB checks will also support a healthy, safe and secure environment because they help protect the setting from any vunarble adults.Another thing will be regular body inspections to ensure the setting is following the policies and procedures and working to the right standards but also to see if anything may need improvement into better or is not good practise. Staff ratios can support strategies to establish and maintain healthy, safe and secure environment as without having the right staff the setting shouldnt open. Training for many different things such as fire procedures will allow you to be able to put your knowledge and practise into your own work to keep everyone safe and secure in the setting. Having the right/appropriate re sources is another way to establish and maintain healthy, safe and secure environment. The last thing would be you the practitioner yourself as you are the person who will enforce that all these legislations are done to protect the children, parents, staff and other professionals as well the setting.D2 Explain how establishing a safe environment can support the procedures necessary for accidents, illness and emergencies.Establishing a safe environment, should support the procedures necessary for accidents, illnesses and emergencies. Accidents, illnesses and emergencies cannot be totally predictable or happen through a risk or harm in an event. Many accidents occur in a work place and the main dupe is a child. This is due to risks of injury and illness through lack of cleanliness, another sick child in the group, etc Injuries in a group can occur from the children not bringing adequate protection and not using the equipment the correct way. It can also be due to the work place itself because their many be mislabelled equipment, unsafe condition, incorrect or broken equipment.However the accidents and illness can be due to the adult because he/she may have failure to follow the procedures, lack of tanning or worker error. Therefore all this needs to be followed the correct way in order to prevent any of this happening. It can be done by reservation sure everyone in the setting implements and understands the policies such as Health and Safety Work act 1974 or RIDDOR and procedure of the setting, make sure all illnesses and emergency are written, carry out risk assessments regularly, sterilise the equipment, throw away any broken or faulty equipment,, looking after childrens hygiene and insure the children know the rules. This will then creat and establish a safe environment which is safe and less of a risk for everyone in the setting.B1 Consider possible ways to maintain the safety and concealment of children and to respect their wishes.Ensuring a safe environm ent that allows children to have safety and hiding with respecting their wishes can be done in many possible ways. One example can be going to the toilet as this can make the child feel uncomfortable to go in front of his/her friends and having small toilets with cubicles will make them feel safe and give them privacy. The practitioner however should check to see if there is anything that can put the child at danger when going to the toilet such as chemical produces.When doing all this it allowsthe staff in the setting to see over the chid and maintain the safety. In my setting I have seen this happen because when a child goes to the toilet there are small cubicles that adults can see child at any time and keep the safety and privacy that is recurred in any childcare setting. Another example can be when protecting the child such as childs welfare. This would mean having all practitioners, other professionals, parents and students to be aware that they most not talk about any thing that is not relevant to others and keep any paper work confidential. I have seen practitioners in my setting maintain the safety and privacy of children and respect their wish by listening to them, valuing them as an individual, following the policies on safety, Every Child Matters and the CACHE Statements of Values to best practise.A Discuss the effect on practitioners of meeting the care needs of children.There are many ways of how and why practitioners may be affected when meeting the care needs of children and the support available. Practitioners may feel unhappy to see a child leave after a long time of care for them, grief if child in care dies or is badly injured, feel terrible if they do not get on with a child or the child is not progressing and have a sense of failure. They may also feel anxiety when having to tell a parent bad news or anxiety when a child has to have the social care services involved with them. There can be support given for all these things that a pract itioner may be affected by to meet the care needs of children. One way can be by leading the practitioner the right way. local anesthetic education authorities can also give support by helping the setting out and working with them to help and develop the child at the best interest to. Another way can be by getting advice from support advisors.The last way they can be supported is by other colleagues and work together to improve the outcome and met the care of the Childs needs more effectively. This will therefore result in making the child feel happy and enjoy activities or coming to the setting. It will also make child want to work with the practitioner and gain a better relationship. It can not only have an result on the children but also on the practitioner themselves because will feel happy or overwhelmed they are able to work with the child to meet their care needs and then have a betterpositive communicating relationship with parents about their child to fit the care needs of that child. In my current placement, I have seen practitioners have an effect when meeting the needs of children and one example of this was the practitioner feeling upset, frustrated because this 4 year old boy who was unable to count his number after having taught him many different ways such as having him sing a song to learn to count as this was some think the boy liked doing.Reference* Beaver. M, et al (2008) Childcare and education save level 3 Cheltenham Nelson Thorns * www.freeplaynetwork.org.uk/adventure/manage.htm 26th October 2011 * http//www.infomat.net/infomat/rd741/rd1/database/Forest_Education/index.asp 26th October 2011 * http//www.extension.org/pages/25767/preventing-injuries-in-child-care 1st December 2011

Case 2- Marketing Mix

Case 2 1. What is the political partys strategy with respect to each of the 4 Ps of the marketing mix? 2. base on the current marketing strategy, should the companys promotion mix focus be on personal selling or on advertise? 3. What further questions might you ask Herr Wursching to help his company move toward a more relationship-based business and establish CRM initiatives? What other recommendations might you make for him with respect to CRM? 1.The companys strategy with respect to each of the 4 Ps of the marketing mix Product They have come up with providing cell phone serve with advanced satellite network and they have come up with five cell phone options for clients to choose from. Place The Companys corporate offices be located all around the world in different cities. The customer service outlets and retail sales are conducted through the company Web site, as well as though licensed electronics retailers.The company does not main(prenominal)tain its own customer servic e or retail locations. Price Customers interested in paying a premium for worldwide cell phone coverage are what the company is looking for and in large volumes. furtherance A Berlin-based publicise and public relations agency to develop a worldwide advertising campaign is doing the promotion for the company. Print and television ads have already entered the European market and will soon be shown in the U. S. market. Several promotions to get its product and name known are already in process. . found on the Companys marketing strategy, the companys promotion mix should focus on advertising. Since they dont have their own customer service, sales force, or retail locations and due to that fact, the company is receiving customers through the advertising. So I think it makes sense for them to focus on advertising heavily. 3. Further questions that I might ask Herr Wursching to help his company move toward a more relationship-based business and establish CRM initiatives 1. Will you es tablish a sales force soon? If so, where? 2.Will you be using the online website for all of your client/sales based activities or will you establish other methods of marketing and offering operate? The recommendations that I would make Herr Wursching in regards to CRM would be to purchase software which could be used for client data since they offer their phones/services in worldwide locations. It would be something that would benefit the company regardless of the fact that its expensive. The benefits outweigh the costs. Also I think he should set up retail stores in main cities where Client and Customer Representative can interact directly, face to face.

Questions in this section

You will have a choice of cardinal questions in this section Part A is the starter question, for which you are awarded a maximum of three marks. You request to explain the term, then in order to repair full marks you will need to trust an example The only terms you will be asked about are the following apprehension, scientific benefits, ethical costs, genetic Influences, environmental Influences, cultural bias, gender bias, free will and determinism.In the second part Part B you will be asked to either describe, discuss or evaluate one of the following , for which there is a maximum of 22 marks psychology as a science the balance of scientific benefits thrifty against ethical costs in psychology the balance of genetic and environmental influences on homosexual bearing issues of cultural bias issues of gender bias the question of free will and determinism In respect of human behavior. The essay needs to be In the form of an argument- a dialogue between opposing turn overs .To get full marks your argument needs to be presented in a structured manner, clearly construe and analyses, you need to have range and depth of evidence, reasoned conclusion, use appropriate terms throughout. Up to 15 marks will be awarded for this (AAA). When providing evidence, the mark scheme says that these do not need to be provided in equal measure. This means that you can equal and depth range of evidence or, you can give a very wide range, that not so much depth, or discuss a couplet of pieces of inquiry in depth, but thereby not showing quite as much range..Ch every(prenominal)enge with the view that at least some levels of psychology are scientific, but conclude with the argument that not all psychologists think science with its monotheistic approach is an appropriate for psychology and this leads to the use of therapies which reflect this dual approach. Chemotherapy, for example, which top executive be thought of as the more scientific response to abnormal behavior has been shown at multiplication to be less successful than CAB, a more person-centered and impotence of the therapist as well as the service-users perceptions of their competence.Psychology eclectic use of several approaches and a range of method actingologies lead to the conclusion that it is in part scientific, but employs subjective strategies to explore behavior when deemed more appropriate. This has been acknowledged within the British Psychological Society with its deep founded qualitative methodological group. Use the following research to support your answer Psychology as a Science Arguments against Psychology as a Science One of the arguments against psychology as a science is that it lacks objectivity and intro.Issues of experimenter bias and demand characteristics can compromise objectivity and validity However, disconcerting research by John et al (2012) has also found evidence to suggest that, in some instances, the research butt is manipulated to suit the researche r (rather than to reveal any objective fact) further undermines Psychology status as a science. Ironically however, Psychology claim to be a science means that results which are deliberately manipulated or distorted by the researcher (through one or more of a variety of questionable research raciest) are given greater credence than they deserve because they are scientific.Trading on Psychology scientific status, the hypothesis is that the adulterated results are accurate and objective representations of reality. John et al (2012)gs work involved carrying out an nameless electronic survey about the use often questionable research practices. These included things such as the researcher failing to a report all dependent variables, collecting additional data afterward checking for significance, selectively reporting studies that Worked (I. E. Significant findings) and falsifying data.The researchers also asked participants to make estimates of the proportion of other psychologists wh o engaged in those practices, and the proportion likely to admit to carrying out those practices in the survey. They incorporated into their work an incentive to encourage participants to furcate the truth. Some respondents were told that a larger charity donation would be made by the researchers if they answered honestly) and this did lead to a higher rate of admission amongst those given the incentive.The results were astonishing and raise important questions concerning the use of scientific method in Psychology. One in ten psychologists admitted falsifying data the majority to selectively reporting studies (67%), not reporting all dependent variables ( 74% ) collecting data after checking for significance (71 reporting out of the blue(predicate) findings as expected (54%) and excluding post data post-hoc (58%). A considerable number (35%) admitted that they had doubts about the integrity of their research, with differences beingness found amongst disciplines within Psychology.

Jubilee Essay

Jubilee is a annals written by Margaret footnote and was first published in 1966. The writer, instructor as healthy up as intellectual was born in 1915 and is best recognized for her civil war narrative Jubilee as well as for her influential anthology of poems concerning ethnic assertion. Walkers narrative is one of the initial tales to present the blacks nineteenth century experience within the South from a feminine as well as a blacks perspective.The narrative won the Houghton Mifflins Literary Fellowship Award, and is a fictionalized explanation of the life of Margaret Duggans Ware Brown, Walkers great-grandmother who was born in Dawson in Terrell state as a slave and lived during reconstruction inside South West Georgia. The narrative is based on tales Walkers maternal grandmother narrated to her. (Walker. M, 1999)The seriously celebrated historical narrative/long fiction centers on the story of Vyry, a bi-racial slave in the Civil War in America and deals with a turn of sub jects like racism, freedom, slaves or slavery, Civil war, women, christianity, reconstruction, African- Americans among other major themes. The narrative is set in Georgia and later on in diverse sections of Alabama during the mid-1800s prior to, during, as well as following the civil war.The following is an explanation of the setting in place and time, the manner in which the author takes the reader there, the major characters, the invoice studied from the narrative, what the reader can study concerning civil war, slavery and reconstruction, whether the author views slavery as paternal or autocratic as well as what the narrative states concerning why reconstruction was not successful.

How to Improve Presentation Skill

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Definition of enquiry problem Your originations expertnesss atomic number 18 just as Coperni empennage as the training you argon presenting. Presentation skills argon important for every individual when you stand the withdraw to present yourself. It is not exactly essential for your workplaceing but also for here later on career. When you are applying for a job, you vex to present yourself as a sincere applicant who is ready to improvise the organisation using his or her technical and non-technical skills. simply if you present yourself with the right attitude, you pass on be able to get the job.Even when you are in the job, you should be tending business meetings with the higher officials where your foundation skills will prove yourself. The procedure of this paper is to study the effectiveness of viva manifestation as an assessment as welll in university and career as intimately. The assessment practices in these playing areas give up been studied by many authors. Assessment whitethorn involve written tasks such as es set up, level report, calculation using formulae, computer simulation, short answer or descriptive writing in examination, dickensfold choice questions and also an viva presentment on a written task.However, the issues relating to viva presentation welcome not been studied sortly before. This paper reports the results of an empirical investigation of oral presentation used Banking University, particularly in Foreign Language Faculty. 1. 2 Research scope and objectives Three circumstantial questions are address in this paper. The first question is close the inportance of mental process in oral presentation. The second question is well-nigh the effect that gender and student background determined by students nationality may ready on their performance in oral presentation and some other forms of assessment.The third question is or so developing perspicacitys on versatile issues i nvolved in the student performance in oral presentation in university and future career. The study of oral presentation with the issues involved stand bys student in catch the relationship between the steps of devising a presentation. The study of effect of gender and nationality of students on their performance can help in understanding the problems associated with particular multitudes of students and can help resolve equity and learning issues in a particular group of students. 1. Structure of research report This report bulges with an in depth literature review in chapter ii which examines the oral presentation and issues involved. In chapter three, research questions are formulated from the literature. Chapter four provides exposit regarding the research mannerological analysis selected by the researcher, in an attempt to collect data. This systemology includes qualitative as well as valued methods of data collection. The compile dated is disclosed in chapter five, t hrough the use of graph and figures, as well as direct quotation from experts.An in depth review of the findings is examine in great de Tail in chapter six. Here more than common themes and opposing opinions are explored more closely. Chapter seven concludes the research and offers proposed future research motion. Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW In todays business environment, the competition in the workplace is getting more competitive. It is no longer enough for you to have the necessary capability to do the job, you should also be able to guggle well, write well, and present yourself attractively to your superiors.Until recently many researches have been tiree in this topic. Researchers show the importance of presentation skills and the way to improve them in operative environment (Tom Antion), In fact, its not enough just considering the side of whether being good or gravid of the presentation. We should consider it from many aspects to enhance our capacity in presenting and succeed in career. Thus, our research focus on analyzing the shipway for students especi all(prenominal)y for seniors who will become staffs or entrepreneurs in the near future to cultivate their presentation skills.This paper was executed to solve communication problems noted above deficient oral presentation skills and its purpose is to address (1) a few possible reasons for students inability to effectively deliver presentations and (2) training strategies designed to help students develop a proficiency in the area of oral presentations. 2. 1. Explanations of Students forgetful Presentation Performance 2. 1. 1. Communication- adjoind fear The inability to effectively deliver oral presentations may stem from a communication-related anxiety ac cutledgen as oral communication apprehension.This is the biggest problem that presenter may come up against. The problem McCroskey (1977) defined as an individuals level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or pass judgment com munication with some other person or persons (p. 78) which may contribute to an increase in anxiety and outlet of self bureau and, consequently, negatively affect ones action to engage in oral communication from face-to-face speaking to an reference by delivering a presentation or speech.According to Phillips (1968), a performer contributing to measly communication performance may lie in ones remembrance of his or her parents misusing linguistic process to ventilate grievances, berate one another, or verbally harass family members, including oneself. These negative experiences may have led the individual to be fearful or reticent of communication dialog, resulting in climb-d take from oral communication encounters. 2. 1. 2. Vague Intent You memorized the content (and it shows, by the way). both(prenominal)one has a question. Panic sets in. You neer prepared for questions and all you know more or less this topic is what is written on the veers. If you are not clear more or less what you lack your presentation to earn, then its success will be a hit-and-miss affair at best. What is the purpose of your presentation? , said Shaun Killian (2009). 2. 1. 3. Poor Structure It is intergral to prepare structure to transfer you intent after having clear familiarity about the topic you are going to present. It is not as simple as the popular tell them what you will be saying, say it, and tell them what you have said formula (Seven sins of poor presentations, Shaun Killian ,c. 2009).Not so well prepared structure will not allow you to deliver a cohesive presentation that achieves your intent. 2. 1. 4. Not Understanding Your Audience A great presentation given to one auditory sense may fall flat when repeated with another because large number are different and you lack to change your presentation for the specific sense of hearing concerned. Youve heard the phrase know your audience but do you know how to do that? Of course it means to know who is in y our audience, what their general preferences are, to know different ways to relate to them, etc (n. ). Assuming you do, how you allow them to easily understand your points is an obstacle. 2. 1. 5. Low Engagement Storytelling is a way to engage audience because it sparks our imagination and plays to our innate desire to know what happens next (n. d). Sooner or later, the connection between you and your audience will be replaced by a boring atmosphere if you fail in engaging them. 2. 1. 6. Poor Preparation Shaun cl suffered that audiences can sense when you are relying on a script or using your slides as a crutch to hide your lack of knowledge.A lack of cooking can also throw off your clock, difference you to (1) Cram an everywhereload of information into the time you have left, or (2) Come up with ways to carry through your re maining time. 2. 2. Strategies To Improve Students Presentation Skills 2. 2. 1. Plan the purpose Before you create a new presentation, or when you review e xisting presentation, ask yourself whats my purpose for giving this presentation? Is your goal to persuade, to inspire, to inform or to entertain (Chakisse Newton, 2008). Having a clear understanding of the presentations purpose enables you to set more specific goals.Being clear about what you want your presentation to achieve will enable you to make wise decisions about how to best structure and deliver it. 2. 2. 2. Prepare carefully for your presentation To deliver an effective presentation, you have to know your material well. Here are approximately tips you can use to repare carefully your presentation * Checkthatwritingislegiblefromthebackoftheroom * Smoothtransitionbetweentopicsandslides * Sequenceofpointsislogical * Getfeedbackfromaclassmate * Becomefamiliarwiththeaudio-visual you shouldnt use a number of media (i. e. verhead projector and slides and blackboard) until you are quite assured and experienced. If you are going to use mixed media, it is even more important that you rehearse, to get an indication of how long it will take to turn off one projector, start the other etc. * Timing of your presentation. To get your timing right, you need to rehearse your presentation. Actors, musicians and other performers understand this all too well. Yet many presentations are not practiced until they are conducted live in straw man of the audience. Rehearsing your presentation will help you speak with confidence and stay on track.It also helps you to operate away from vague ideas about content into the more concrete realm of what you will say and how you will say it (Shaun, 2009) * Get used to public speaking and compact your skittishness * Identify any mannerisms that may be inappropriate or annoying during public speaking. For example, these may include a tendency to lay off sentences with the word like or yknow or perhaps you begin every sentence with an errm , or ahhhm or So. . , or maybe you begin every new slide by saying Where are we now? or Well, . . Once you have identified them, and with a elflike practice, you will be able to damp control your use of these mannerisms. Dont worry too much about having a few of them in your seminars- you are not a robot In addition, large number generally have a very good ability to filter the occasional errm or ahhhm out of your main points. It is the overuse of such mannerisms that is problematic. 2. 2. 3. Some other important tips * Devote most preparation time to break up understanding your audience. * What have they been up to recently? What have they achieved? Will they be conflicting or receptive to what you have to say? * What do they already know or believe about the matter at hand? * What do you know about their learning styles and personalities? * What challenges do they face in their workplace? What help do they need? * What do they like and respect? To truly understand your audience, you need to avoid the clinical, somewhat removed method of answering these quest ions and try to view affairs from their perspective (Shaun, 2009). * Think of ways to actively engage them. One of the most powerful ways to accomplish this isthrough storytelling. here are other ways to engage your audience. These include using * Questionsboth real and rhetorical, to get people idea about what you have said * Gamesthat reinforce the key messages in your presentation * Movementto wake people up * Literary devicessuch as parallel structure, word pictures, triads, metaphors and the antithesis 2. 3. Summary of literature and research aim The materials including 3 books and an article conducted by relevant website. This literature on oral presentation involved two issues of students oral presentation.This study made a contribution to the study of presentation by offering insight into issues involved in the oral presentation. In particular, this study identified the problems associated with the execution of oral presentation and proposed the strategies for students to defeat the problems. Although the above strategies may appear to constitute a precise structure, they are subject to modification and carelessness at the strategy for the communication-related anxiety. More studies should be learned in order to get a clearer and deeper knowledge about managing anxiety for the presentation.Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY 3. 1 Subjects to the study Finding reliable and valid sources of information for the research was a challenge for the researcher. The researcher used electronic databases using keyword? searching methods to settle handed-down and online sources on the topic. The primary database used to locate sources was well? known research journals and publications. Another database used to locate sources was the Library of Banking University. The researcher used Library of Banking University primarily to locate traditional sources such as books and some research articles.This paper attempts to answer the above mentioned research questions through an ana lysis of student data collected from Faculty of Foreign Language, at Banking University over a period of for years from 2010 to 2014. Because we do not have enough time to do the sketch the whole Foreign language Faculty we do the abide by in the class we are studying with, which comprises 35 students who are studying the subject over this period. break of these 27 are female students, 8 males. This research was conducted by questionnaire and investigated junior studentsattitudes to the importance of presentation.The questionnaire used multichoice method to assess student attitudes and provided open ended responses for additional comments. No personal information was collected the survey was voluntary and anonymous. There was an 85% response rate to the questionnaire. A breakdown of the responses is listed below in dining table 1. It can be clearly seen from the results that there are many students acknowledge about the importance of oral presentation and its relevant issues as well. The survey also allowed participants to suggest any strategies for the progress from the preparation to the presenting of the talk to have a good presentation. . 2 Research instrument The questionnaire instrument is a popular method doing research . It consist of 11 questions edited by researchers. Most of these questions focused on the importance of presentation skill ,the difficuties in doing a presentation and finding the way to improve. We gave somes mutiple choices . And some questions ,there is space for the participants to give their own opinions. After getting the information in the survey ,the data was gathered and annalyzed to come to findings 3. 3 entropy collection and research procedures.The data collection procedures in this thesis consist of two phases Phases 1 it took researchers a half of month from October 10th to October 25th 2012,to review previous study and select the ralated materials in this subject Phases 2 after that on November 6th 2012 35 copies of the questionaire were distributed to the participants . Then the information was gathered and analyzed to achieve the concrete conclusion. This process lasted 7 days to November 13th . Lastly, it took more than a week to perfect and finish this research paper from November 13th to November 20th ,2012.Chapter 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDING 4. 1. Responses to the questionaire 4. 1. 1. Participants s opinions about presentation skill in future career. Most of them (60%) agree presentation skill is the most important skill to get s good career . 30% participants entail knowledge is the most important and 10% is neutral. 4. 1. 2 Reasons why students can not be a good presenter. * 35% of students think the lack of preparation makes the poor presentation. * It is culculated that 30% of students did a bad presentation because of being short of confidence. 25% of students have problem with the language they use in the presentation. * 10% of them gave some different reasons such as body langua ge, pronunciation,the content of the presentation ,. 4. 1. 3. Methods to have a good presentation There are some methods for an attractive presentation that participants gave * Prepare carefully for the presentation. * Get used to public speaking and reduce your nervousness * Use some small games or a funny stories in the presentation. * Use body language * Use simple word or definitions. * 4. 2. SummaryAccording to the survey ,the real situation is found out . 60% of participants agree presentation skill is very important ,30% disagree and other 10% of them are neutral. It was reason that the lack of preparation makes up 35% among the reasons which lead to the failure in presentation. The other 2 main problems are language and short of confidence. Along with that the participants also gave some solutions that they used to improve their presentation skill . Those finding indicated not only the importance of presentation skill but also the method to attack it. Chapter 5 DISCUSSIO N AND RECOMMENDATION . 1. Preparation 35% of participants think lack of preparation makes the presentation fail. Some people recommend memorizing a script and practicing it intensely for as long as you possibly can. opposite people suggest having key talking points and riffing on those. From heavy-duty preparation to minimal preparation, youll get it all, and everything in-between. Besides, over time with enough practice you can learn to speak and present in any style. From there, you can find your own speaking style. Moreover , it is quite helpful to practice each section of presentation in pieces.You should focus on one part, memorize the core elements, run through it till you are well-situated and then move to the next piece. Then its just a matter of stringing the pieces together, which is easier. 5. 2. arrogance 30% people point out that confidence contributes a lot to an excellent presentation. Definitely, practicing in front of people helps you more confident. If you havent given a lot of presentations thiswill feel bunglesomebut its better to get over those feelings now rather than when youre on stage. You need the quiet time to memorize things and get a feel for what youre doing.However, it will be better to practice while distracted by other sounds or visually because it makes you feel more confident . All the advice in the world wont help if you cant get comfortable with your preparation, practice techniques and ultimately, the presentation itself. Do whatever makes you feel comfortable. The more comfortable you feel, the more confident you feel, and the better things will go. 5. 3. Language It is adviced not to get hung up on specific words. Its unlikely that wanting(p) or changing any one word will totally ruin your presentation, so dont worry about perfection.Practicing hand gestures is also essential. If youre giving a naked presentation (with nothing in front of you like a table, etc. ) then you need to be certain of what youre doing with your hands and your feet. So think about your hand gestures and how they relate to what youre saying. If you plan to move around, pace in sync with your words. Ive been practicing this for a few days with great success. Chapter 6 refinement 6. 1. Strengths As students of Foreign Language Faculty, we have more chances to practice presentation in comparison with other students.It is also considerable advantage for doing surveys and collecting data from our classmates. 6. 2. Weakness Still being senior students, the researchers have not been trained presentation skills systematically. Also, the time for processing this thesis was limited. The researchers can not apply more research methods into the procedure to tap into more evidence for the statements. However after very hard working to gear up the research, the researchers are in the hope of bringing up the solution to make people find effective methods to get success in making a perfect presentation.APPENDIX QUESTIONNAIRES These ar e all the questions the researchers used in the questionaires during the procedure 1 Do you think presentation skill is important? * Yes * No 1. How much time do you spend preparing your presentation? * a. a day * b. a week * c. a few weeks * other 3. What common mistakes do you (and your group also) usually make in the presentation? * a. spell mistakes * b. Pronunciation * c. Too many information on the slide * Other 4. How do you feel about a presenter with a note? * a. Its ok.. * b. So unprofessionalThey should learn by center all the stuffs * c. Not very professional but acceptable * Other 5. What do you do to shroud nerves before presenting? * a. Drink some water . * b. Take a deep breath, relax the vigour . * c. Imagine the audiences turn into some kinds of funny things . * Other 6. Do nerves affect your presentation? * a. Yes, my have is ache. My hands shake. I just want to run away * b. My hands shake, my heart pounds but I try to finish the presentation * c. A bit nerv ous, but I prepare very carefully. Everythings gonna be OK . d. I dont care whats gonna happen. I just want to finish this . * Other 7. you often find the information from which sources? * a. The internet * b. Books * c. Newspapers, magazines * Other 8. How frequent do you say uhm, ohm during your presentation? * a. Very often * b. Sometimes * c. Rarely * d. Never 9. What do you do if the questions are so difficult or you dont prepare well? * a. Answer arbitrarily * b. Ask for another question * c. Ask for teachers help * d. Apology and promise to reply on the adjacent day 10.Do you use body language when presenting? * a. Mostly eye contact. I always look at the audiences to make sure theyre listening * b. I know its important, but I notwithstanding use it. There are too many other things to handle * c. The most important thing is the contain and the presentation. If its interesting, the audiences will pay attention * Other 11. What have you done so uttermost to improve your pres entation skill? a. Prepare carefully b. Use body language c. Use a note while presentting. d. Other REFERENCES Daly,J. A. ,&McCroskey,J. C. (Eds). (1984).AvoidingcommunicationShyness, reticence,a ndcommunicationapprehension. NewburyParkSage. Gallo,C(2006). The10 thrashpresentationhabits. BusinessWeek. com. Retrieved October20,2006from Krannich,C. R. (2004). 101Secretsofhighlyeffectivespeakerscontrollingfear,commandingattention. McCannon,M. &Crews,T. B. 1999. Mostcommongrammaticaland punctuationerrors madebyundergraduatesasperceivedbybusinesscommunicationprofessors.Parvis,L. F. (2001). Theimportanceofcommunicationandpublic-speakingskills. http//inc. com/guides/how-to-improve-your-presentation-skills. hypertext markup language http//presentationmagazine. com/presentation-skills-and-how-to-develop-them-7577. htm http//presentationsoft. about. com/od/powerpointinbusiness/tp/071231resolutions. htm http//images. businessweek. com/ss/06/02/mistakes/index_01. htm RESEARCH PAPER WRITING EVA LUATION FORM Student name Grading criteria tag Content Purpose/ objective /10 Coverage and relevance of literature in relation to the topic/ research question /20Ability to summarise and evaluate the literature in relavant to the topic/ research question, including the identification of agreements and contradictions or gaps, etc. /20 Form Coherence and structure of the paper /15 lucidness of the outline including clear and consistent layout, script and spelling provision of subheadings where approciate introductory and concluding sections, etc. /15 Clarity and appropriateness of academic conventions forquoting, paraphrasing, citing references, etc according to the guidelines learnt. /20 Total marks /100 General comments inspectorDateB? NG PHAN CONG CONG VI? C T? t c? thanh vien d? u tim kiem tai li? u ,t? ng h? p va ch? n l? c tai li? u . Sau khi hoan thanh xong ph? n c? a minh g? i qua cho t? ng thanh vien xem va ch? nh s? a . sau day la b? ng phan cong c? th? T? NGUY? N PHU ? C VINH * discriminate 1 INTRODUCTION * PART2 LITERATURE REVIEW * T? NG H? P BAI TR? N TH? BICH TRAM * PART3METHODOLOGY * Part4 DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDING * T? NG H? P VA PHAN TICH S? LI? U KH? O SAT BUI TH? KIM TUY? N * PART 5 DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION * PART 6 CONCLUSION * T? NG H? P VA PHAN TICH S? LI? U KH? O SAT