Minstrels :: essays research papers

Minstrels     Minstrels, or traveling thespians, thrived throughout Europe in mediaevaltimes. The term minstrel referred to a professional entertainer of any kindfrom the twelfth century to the 17th century. Minstrels were instrumentalist, butwere also often jugglers, acrobats, and storytellers. Although minstrels no prolonged exist, they vie an important role in medieval history and, at one time,could be found, in one form or another, throughout the entire continent ofEurope.     Different countries had different names for minstrels. In Germany, theywere called minnesingers. In France, they were cognize as troubadours andjoungleurs. The Scandinavian minstrels were called skalds. The Irish calledtheir minstrels bards, while the English minstrels were referred to as scops.     Minstrels were primarily singers and musicians. These wanderingperformers were also story tellers, jugglers, clowns, and tumblers. Oftenminstrels w ere an important lift off of prominent house holds providingentertainment for the upper class of society. Those minstrels who were not routineof a nobles homestead, traveled from township to town providing entertainment not solitary(prenominal) to noble classes but also to common village folk as well.     There were not many forms of entertainment, nor was there a means for citizenry to learn about news events. There was no television or radio in medievaltimes. Even books were very scarce. Minstrels served to entertain the public.They do up songs, stories, and repeated ballads and folk tales popular duringthis time. Traveling from town to town minstrels were also a source of news.This would share information with the townspeople of the village. Thetownspeople would share this news with the minstrels who would then share thisnews with the townspeople in the next village in which they performed.     Each country in medieval Europe had their own type of minstrel. Each,while similar in their oecumenic role of entertainer, they were different in manyways. Troubadours, French minstrels, flourished in from the eleventh centurythrough the 13th century. Troubadours were found in the southern piece of France.The troubadours were among the first minstrels to use their native tonguerather than Latin. The Latin linguistic communication was considered the literary language ofthe middle ages. There were approximately 400 troubadours who were known tohave lived. The majority of them were nobles and some were even kings(Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia.)     Originally troubadours sing their poems, later they were accompanied byjongleurs who played musical instruments. The musical instruments the jongleursplayed were the fiddle and the lute. The subject of their songs were based ontopics such as make do ,politics, religion, war, and death. Approximately 400melodies and 4000 poems have been preserved from med ieval troubadours (Microsoft

Polar Bears :: essays research papers

Habitat diametric bears prefer to populate in extremely cold artic climates. They live only in the Yankee Hemisphere, on the arctic ice cap, and they spend most of their time on coastal areas. Polar bears are widely spread in Canada, extending from the northern arctic islands south to the Hudson Bay area. They are also found in Greenland, on islands off the shore of Norway, on the northern coast of the designer Soviet Union, and on the northern and northwestern coasts of Alaska in the United States. personal FeaturesThe icy bear is one the largest members of the bear family. Males Polar Bears suffer from octonary to 11 feet tall and generally weigh from 500 to 1,000 pounds, but smoke weigh as much as 1,400 pounds. Female bears generally stand eight feet tall and weigh 400 to 600 pounds, except some, which can wee-wee 700 pounds. The reason the polar bear weighs so much is that is stores about a four-inch layer of fat to constrain it warm.The polar bear has a long, narro wer organize and nose, and small ears. The polar bear has coat that appears white but, each individual(a) hair is actually a clear and hollow. This helps the polar bear keep warm. The polar bears coat helps it blend in with its snowy surroundings, this adaptation helps the Polar Bear hide while hunting. The polar bears front legs are approximately pigeon-toed, and fur covers the bottoms of its paws. These adaptations help the polar bear keep them from slipping on ice. DietThe polar bear rarely eats plants. That is why it is considered a carnivore, or meat-eater. The ringed seal is the polar bears primary prey. A polar bear hunts a seal by waiting quietly for it to push through from an opening a seal makes in the ice allowing them to breathe or climb out of the water to rest. Polar bears eat only the seals scrape up and blubber of the seal. The remaining meat provides a food source for opposite brutes in the Arctic. Polar bears also prey on young sea horses. The remains of wha le, seal, and walrus are also important sources of food for polar bears. In fact, because of their acute sense of smell, polar bears can sense animal remains from far away. BreedingBreeding usually takes place in April to June. Polar bears reach breeding maturity at three to flipper years of age.

Personal Development Paper Essay

I countenance a lot of context for improvement. I have a lot of potential both professionally and in the personal space I need to tap it. My asthetic sense, fairness and imagination help me stand out in a gang and I need to fine tune these skills. Given my superior aesthesia to stress, I run for to get precise irritable and frustrated during high pressure scenarios. I am exteremly dis unionised and this has really harmed me all my life. I really need to work on my organization skills.Goals To be much organized, and disciplined. I need to have a sinewyer work eithc, and develop strong analytical and quant skills.I would also like to lay alot of time in reading, and wasting less time doing meaningless stuff. Reading and getting undecided to the opportunities everywhere gets me excited, and once I am excited I am driven.Perception of others In all honesty, others view me as exteremly modest but that is because I am good at hiding my weaknesses. They respect my candor and plurality skills, and appreciate my input once in a while.Standards organization expects you to get hold of Disciplined, focused, very strong finance derriereground, strong work ethic, working in high pressure scenarios, and having a strong sense of responsibility. DEVELOPMENTAL cookery WORKSHEET Professor Randall S. Peterson DEVELOPMENT ISSUE (from GAPS analysis) The issue is that I am soft intimidated, and not focused. I run for to get distracted with my surroundings and tend to loose interest in my own ambition and agenda. I tend to get bored advantageously, and leave things in the middle very impatient.EXPECTED OUTCOMES What bequeath be different? What could someone else observe that willing change? For starters I will be more diligent, focused and orderly. This can be seen by means of my group participation, my in class assignments, my club involvement and my career race activities.Juggling so many aspects at once will overlook all of the above. My quant and financia l skills can really develop if I invest time, and effort in reading and understanding the material. This can also be a visible change.What will I gain by achieving the coating? What is in it for you? Happiness. Job. Personal satisfaction. Personal growth and development.WHO ELSE NEEDS TO BE COMMITED TO THIS What will you need to do as soon as you get back to the office to get started? Who do I need to get attached to helping me? And what is in it for them? Me, myself and I.LEARNING STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT(use at least three of the half a dozen to make your development goal SMART) 1) Seek New Challenges/Projects Challenge PE shift CHALLANGE Specific Action/ beat/Deadline working with people in a field I have very little experience in. interpreted a challenge. Have to work hard. This will improve my quant and tech skills.2) accept Courses and Workshops Course/Workshop ?????Specific Action/Time/Deadline ?????3) Develop on-going Feedback Name(s)/Strategy for Identifying People S tudy Group Specific Action/Time/Deadline Montly feedback on progress personally and professionally. Team contract also helps arrest us in check. 4) Identify Role Models and Coaches Name(s)/Strategy for Identifying People Raluca yr mate Specific Action/Time/Deadline She helps me stay focused and organized everyday. We plan the everyday in advance, and luckily everlastingly manage to secure the target.5) Development Reading Books/Papers ?????Specific Action/Time/Deadline ?????6) other Learning Tactics Strategy ?????Specific Action/Time/Deadline ?????OBSTACLES What will I give up? I will give up making excuses. I will talk less listen more. I will give up wasting time, and reading more. I will give up being disorganized. What are the major obstacles and how will I manage them? Obstacle is just me and my mind I need to be focused, and do proper time management. Not get distracted with the ring around me. Work at my pace, and be patient.How to work with me I am pretty flexible, and easy going. Only thing is I lack commitment, and have poor work ethics. I tend to get distracted easily and hence get frustrated when the pressure builds up. Please be a little strcit with me when it comes to academics. I need to get more responsibility so I am actually forced to put in effort, instead of depending on others.This will help me build my quant and analytical skills, and that will join on my confidence 10 folds. Since I tend to get distracted easliy, enthral always bring me back on track. I am very dependable, approachable, and I love interacting with people and learning through people. Hence, if I codt understand something, and if someone explains it to me politely I will always listen. I tend to disagree alot, and sometimes unnecessairly. I am also very open to people criticizing me. I love negative feedback so I have room to develop. Please motivate me, and cultivate in me discipline.

Bloodlines Chapter Four

ABE HAD THE variant OF APPEARANCE that could leave homoy concourse speechless, how ever if they k re livelyful nonhing rough him.Oblivious to the heat pop out case, the Moroi homosexual was dressed in a full moon suit and tie. The suit was white, at least, moreover it unbosom looked compliments it would be warm. His shirt and tie were purple, as was the roseate tucked into his pocket. G honest-to-god glitte ruddy in his ears and at his throat. He was originally from Turkey and had more color to him than almost Moroi entirely was still paler than benevolents similar me and Keith. Abes complexion actually reminded me of a tanned person whod been sick for a while.Hello, I give tongue to stiffly.His smiling split into a full grin. So nice to see you again. continuously a plea genuine. My lie sounded robotic, scarce hopefully it was break off than sounding afraid.No, no, he state. The pleasures all mine.If you separate so, I state. This am drug ab employ him barely .Keith had frozen up again, so I strode over to the old Moroi man and extended my hand so that at least one of us would look homogeneous we had manners. atomic number 18 you Mr. Donahue? Im Sydney Sage.Clarence smiled and clasped my hand in his wrinkled one. I didnt flinch, even though the momentum was there. Unlike most Moroi Id met, he didnt conceal his fangs when he smiled, which almost do my facade crack. Anformer(a) reminder that no yield how human they attended at times, these were still lamias.I am so pleased to meet you, he tell. Ive comprehend wonderful things slightly you.Oh? I asked, arching an affectionbrow and question whod been public lecture nearly me.Clarence nodded emphatically. You are welcome in my home. Its delightful to overhear so much company.Introductions were make for e trulyone else. Eddie and Jill were a little reserved, save both friendly. Keith didnt shake any hands, but he at least stop acting like a drooling fool. He took a chair when o ffered and effectuate on an arrogant materialisation, which was probably supposed(a) to look like confidence. I hoped he wouldnt embarrass us.Im sorry, verbalize Abe, leaning forward. His dark eyeball glittered. Did you say your name was Keith Darnell?Yes, said Keith. He studied Abe curiously, no doubt recalling the Alchemists conversation hind end in Salt Lake City. as yet through the bravado Keith was attempting to hurtle on, I could see a sliver of unease. Abe had that effect. Why?No reason, said Abe. His eyeball flicked to me and and then to Keith. It vertical sounds familiar, thats all.My finds a very signifi toilettet man among the Alchemists, said Keith loftily. Hed relaxed a little, probably thinking the stories aboutwhat Abe were overrated. Fool. Youve undoubtedly heard of him.Undoubtedly, said Abe. Im sure thats what it is. He spoke so casually that no one would suspect he wasnt telling the truth. Only I k forward-looking the existent reason Abe knew who Ke ith was, but I certainly didnt want that revealed. I withal didnt want Abe dropping any more hints, which I suspected he was doing just to irk me.I tried to steer the subject outdoor(a) and withdraw some answers for myself. I wasnt aware you were link us, Mr. Mazur. The sweetness in my voice matched his.Please, he said. You k right forth you can buoy call me Abe. And I wont be bewildering, unfortunately. I simply came along to turn over sure this group arrived safely and to meet Clarence in person.Thats very nice of you, I said dryly, sincerely doubting Abes motives were as sincere as that. If Id learned anything, it was that things were never simple when Abe Mazur was involved. He was a puppet master of sorts. He non all cute to observe things, he also wanted to control them.He smiled winningly. Well, I al delegacys aim to help others in need.Yeah, a new voice suddenly said. Thats exactly what comes to mind when I think of you, old man.I hadnt model anyone could sho ck me more than Abe, but I was wrong. roseate? The name came out as a question from my lips, even though there could be no doubt about who this newcomer was. on that point was only one lift Hatha personal manner, after all.Hey, Sydney, she said, giving me a gnomish, corrupt smile as she entered the room. Her flashing, dark eye were friendly, but they were also assessing everything in the room, much as Eddies gaze was. It was a guardian thing. Rose was about my height and dressed very casually in jeans and a red tank top. that, as always, there was something exotic and dangerous about her smash that made her condense out from everyone else. She was like a tropical efflorescence in this dark, bingey room. One that could kill you. Id never seen her mother, but it was prosperous to tell that some of her looks came from Abes Turkish influence, like her long, dark brown hair. In the dim lighting, that hair looked nearly b want. Her eyeball rested on Keith, and she nodded poli tely. Hey, other Alchemist.Keith stared at her wide-eyed, but whether that was a reaction to us being further outnumbered or simply a response to Roses extraordinary nature, I couldnt say. I-Im Keith, he stammered at last.Rose Hathaway, she told him. His eyes bugged even more as he recognized the name. She strode across the room, toward Clarence, and I noted that half of her charm was simply in the way she dominated her surroundings. Her expression softened as she regarded the elderly man. I checked the houses perimeter like you asked. Its about as safe as you can make for it, though your endorse doors be quiet should probably be replaced. atomic number 18 you sure? asked Clarence in disbelief. Its brand new. possibly when this house was built, came yet another new voice. Looking over to the doorway, I body forthd now that someone else had been with Rose when she arrived, but Id been too floor by her to notice. Again, that was a Rose thing. She always drew the help. Its been rusted since we move here.This newcomer was a Moroi, which set me on edge again. That brought the count up to four Moroi and two dhampirs. I was trying very hard not to adopt Keiths attitude especially since I already knew some of the people here but it was hard to shake that overwhelming sensation of Us and Them. Moroi aged like humans, and at a guess, I thought this new guy was close to my age, maybe Keiths at most. He had nice features, I supposed, with black curling hair and gray eyes. The smile he offered seemed sincere, though there was a slight sense of uneasiness in the way he stood. His gaze was fixed on Keith and me, intrigued, and I wondered if maybe he didnt spend a quite a little of time with humans. Most Moroi didnt, though they didnt pct the same fears about our race as we did about theirs. But then, ours didnt use theirs as food.Im lee ramp Donahue, he said, extending his hand. Once again, Keith didnt take it, but I did and introduced us.Lee looked adventur e and forth between me and Keith, face full of wonder. Alchemists, even up? Ive never met one of you. The tattoos you guys need are beautiful, he said, eyeing the gold lily on my cheek. Ive heard about what they can do.Donahue? asked Keith. He glanced between Lee and Clarence. Are you related?Lee gave Clarence an indulgent look. Father and son.Keith frowned. But you dont live here, do you? I was surprised that this, of all things, would draw him out. maybe he didnt like the idea that his intel was faulty. He was Palm Springs Alchemist, after all, and hed believed Clarence was the only Moroi in the area.not regularly, no, said Lee. I go to college in LA, but my schedules just part-time this semester. So, I want to try to spend more time with Dad. Abe glanced at Rose. You see that? he said. Now thats devotion. She rolled her eyes at him.Keith looked like he had more questions about this, but Clarences mind was still pricker in the conversation. I couldve sworn I had that lock rep laced.Well, I can replace it soon for you if you want, said Lee. Cant be that hard.I think its fine. Clarence rose unsteadily to his feet. Im press release to take a look.Lee zip to his side and shot us an apolo conveyic look. Does it agree to be right now? When it appeared that it did, Lee said, Ill go with you. I got the impression that Clarence frequently followed his whims, and Lee was used to it.I used the Donahues absence to get some answers Id been dying to manage. I telephone numbered to Jill. You didnt have any problems getting here, did you? No more, um, incidents?We ran into a match dissidents before we left judicatory, said Rose, a dangerous note in her voice. Nothing we couldnt handle. The rest was uneventful. And its handout to preserve that way, said Eddie matter-of-factly. He cover his arms over his chest. At least if I have anything to do with it.I glanced between them, puzzled. I was told thered be a dhampir along did they solve to send two?Rose invited herself along, said Abe. Just to make sure the rest of us didnt miss anything. Eddies the one who pass on be joining you at Amberwood. Rose scowled. I should be the one staying. I should be Jills roommate. No offense, Sydney. We need you for the paperwork, but Im the one whos gotta kick anyones ass who gives Jill trouble.I certainly wasnt going to argue against that.No, said Jill, with surprising intensity. Shed been quiet and hesitating the last time Id seen her, but her eyes grew fierce at the thought of being a burden to Rose. You need to stay with Lissa and keep her safe. Ive got Eddie, and besides, no one even knows Im here. Nothing else is going to happen.The look in Roses eyes said she was skeptical. I also suspected she didnt truly believe anyone could entertain either Vasilisa or Jill as well as she could. That was saying something, canvasing the new-fashioned queen was surrounded in bodyguards. But even Rose couldnt be everywhere at once, and she must have had to choos e. Her terminology made me turn my attention back to Jill.What did happen? I asked. Were you hurt? We heard stories about an attack but no confirmation.There was a heavy hesitate in the room. Everyone except Keith and me seemed distinctly uncomfortable. Well, we were uncomfortable but for other reasons.Im fine, said Jill at last, after a sharp look from Rose. There was an attack, yeah, but none of us were hurt. I mean, not seriously. We were in the middle of a royal dinner when we were attacked by Moroi like, Moroi assassins. They made it look like they were going for Lis for the queen, but instead came for me. She hesitated and dropped her eyes, permit her long, curly brown hair pass off forward. I was saved, though, and the guardians rounded them up. There was a nervous energy to Jill that I remembered from before. It was wantonenede and made her seem very much like the uncertain teenager she was.But we dont think theyre all gone, which is wherefore we have to stay away from Court, explained Eddie. Even as he directed his words to Keith and me, he radiated a protectiveness toward Jill, daring anyone to challenge the girl he was in film of keeping safe. And we dont know where the traitors in our own ranks are. So, until then, here we all are.hopefully not for long, said Keith. I gave him a warning look, and he seemed to realize his comment could be perceived as rude. I mean, this place cant be all that turn for you guys, with the sun and everything.Its safe, said Eddie. Thats what counts.Clarence and Lee re cancelled, and there was no more mention of Jills background or the attack. As far as father and son knew, Jill, Eddie, and Adrian had simply fallen out of favor with important royal Moroi and were in exile here. The two Moroi men didnt know who Jill rightfully was and believed that the Alchemists were helping her due to Abes influence. It was a web of lies but a incumbent one. Even if Clarence was in self-imposed exile, we couldnt risk him (or Lee now) accidentally letting outsiders know the queens sister was holed up here.Eddie glanced over at the older Moroi. You said youve never heard of any Strigoi being roughly here, right?Clarences eyes went unfocused for a moment as his thoughts turned inward. No but there are worse things than StrigoiLee groaned. Dad, please. Not that.Rose and Eddie were on their feet in an instant, and it was a wonder they didnt pull out weapons. What are you lecture about? demanded Rose. What other dangers are there? asked Eddie, his voice like steel.Lee was actually blushing. Nothing please. Its a delusion of his, thats all.Delusion? asked Clarence, narrowing his eyes at his son. Was your cousins death a delusion? Is the fact that those high-ups at Court let Tamara go unavenged a delusion?My mind spun back to a conversation Id had with Keith in the car. I gave Clarence what I hoped was a calm look. Tamara was your niece, right? What happened to her, sir?She was killed, he said. There was a dramatic pause. By lamia hunters.Im sorry, by what? I asked, certain Id misheard.Vampire hunters, repeated Clarence. Everyone in the room looked as surprised as I snarl, which was a small relief. Even some of Rose and Eddies fierceness wavered. Oh, you wont find that anywhere not even in your records. We were living in Los Angeles when they got her. I reported it to the guardians, demanded they hunt the culprits down. Do you know what they said? He peered at each person in turn. Do you?No, said Jill meekly. What did they say? Lee sighed and looked miserable.Clarence snorted. They said there was no such thing. That there was no evidence to support my claim. They ruled it a Strigoi cleansing and said there was nothing anyone could do, that I should be welcome she wasnt turned.I looked at Keith, who again seemed startled by this story. He obviously didnt know Clarence as well as hed claimed. Keith had known the old man had a hang-up involving his niece, but not the extent of i t. Keith gave me a small shrug that seemed to say, See? What did I tell you? Crazy.The guardians are very thorough, said Eddie. His tone and words were both clearly chosen with care, striving not to offend. He sat back down next to Jill. Im sure they had their reasons.Reasons? asked Clarence. If you consider denial and living a delusional life reasons, then I suppose so. They just dont want to accept that vampire hunters are out there. But tell me this. If my Tamara was killed by Strigoi, why did they cut her throat? It was cut cleanly with a blade. He made a slashing campaign under his chin. Jill flinched and cowered into her chair. Rose, Eddie, and Abe also looked taken aback, which surprised me because I didnt think anything would make that group squeamish. Why not use fangs? Makes it easier to drink. I pointed that out to the guardians, and they said that since about half of her blood had been drunk, it was obviously a Strigoi. But I say a vampire hunter did it and made it look like they took her blood. Strigoi would have no reason to use a knife.Rose started to speak, paused, and then began again. It is strange, she said calmly. I had a feeling shed probably been about to palaver out how ridiculous this conspiracy theory was, but had thought better of it. But Im sure theres another explanation, Mr. Donahue.I wondered if mentioning that the Alchemists had no records of vampire hunters not in several centuries, at least would be helpful or not. Keith suddenly took the conversation in an unexpected direction. He met Clarences gaze levelly.It qualification seem strange for Strigoi, but they do all sorts of vicious things for no reason. I know from personal experience.My stomach sank. Oh no. All eyes turned to Keith.Oh? asked Abe, smoothing his black goatee. What happened?Keith pointed to his glass eye. I was attacked by Strigoi earlier this year. They stimulate me up and ripped out my eye. Then they left me.Eddie frowned. Without drinking or killing? Th at is really weird. That doesnt sound like normal Strigoi behavior.Im not sure you can really expect Strigoi to do anything normal, pointed out Abe. I gritted my teeth, wishing he wouldnt engage Keith in this. Please dont ask about the eye, I thought. allow it go. That was too much to expect, of course, because Abes next question was, They only took the one eye? They didnt try for both?Excuse me. I rose before Keith could answer. I couldnt sit through this conversation and listen to Abe bait Keith, simply for the fun of tormenting me. I needed to escape. I I dont feel well. Im going to get some air.Of course, of course, said Clarence, looking as though he wanted to rise as well. Should I have my housekeeper get you some pissing? I can ring the bell No, no, I said, moving toward the door. I just I just need a minute.I hurried out and heard Abe saying, Such delicate sensibilities. Youd think she wouldnt be so squeamish, considering her profession. But you, young man, seem like you can handle talking about bloodAbes ego-stroking worked, and Keith launched into the one story I most by all odds didnt want to hear. I went back down the dark hallway and emerged outside. The fresh air was welcome, even if it was more than twenty degrees warmer than what Id come from. I took a deep, steadying breath, forcing myself to stay calm. Everything was going to be okay. Abe would be go forth soon. Keith would return to his own apartment. I would go back to Amberwood with Jill and Eddie, who really didnt seem like enceinte companions, considering who I could have ended up with.With no real destination in mind, I decided to whirl around and scope out Clarences home more like an estate, really. I picked a side of the house at random and walked around, admiring the detailed sculpting of the houses exterior. Even if it was dispiritedly out of place in the southern California landscape, it was still impressive. I had always loved studying architecture a subject my father tho ught was pointless and was impressed by my surroundings. Glancing around, I noted that the grand didnt match the rest of what wed driven through to get here. A lot of the land in this region had gone brown from summer and lack of rain, but Clarence had clearly fatigued a fortune to keep his straggly yard lush and green. Non-native trees beautiful and full of flowers were artfully arranged to make move paths and courtyards.After several minutes of my nature stroll, I turned around and headed back toward the front of the house. I came to a stop when I heard someone. Where are you? a voice asked. Abe. Great. He was looking for me. everywhere here, I just barely heard Adrian say. His voice came from the far side of the house, opposite the side I was on. I heard someone walk across the gravel driveway, the footsteps coming to a halt when they reached what I gauged to be the back door where Abe stood.I bit my lip and stayed where I was, hide by the house. I was almost afraid to br eathe. With their tryout, Moroi could pick up the tiniest detail. Were you ever coming back? asked Abe, amused.Didnt see the point, was Adrians laconic response.The point is politeness. You could have made an effort to meet the Alchemists.They dont want to meet me. Especially the guy. There was concealed laughter in Adrians voice. You should have seen his face when I ran into him at the door. I wish Id had a cape on. The girls at least got some nerve.Nevertheless, they stand for a crucial lineament in your stay here and Jills. You know how important it is that she remain safe.Yeah, I get that. And I get why shes here. What I dont get is why Im here.Dont you? asked Abe. Id assume its obvious to both Jill and you. You have to stay near her.There was a pause. Thats what everyone says but Im still not sure its necessary. I dont think she needs me close by, no matter what Rose and Lissa claim.You have something better to do?Thats not the point. Adrian sounded annoyed, and I was jol ly that I wasnt the only one Abe had that effect on.Thats exactly the point, Abe said. You were wasting away at Court, drowning in your own self-pity among other things. Here, you have a pass off to be useful.To you.To yourself as well. This is an opportunity for you to make something of your life.Except you wont tell me what it is Im supposed to do said Adrian irritably. Aside from Jill, what is this great task you have for me? attend. Listen and watch. I could perfectly picture Abe stroking his chin in that star way of his again as he spoke. Watch everyone Clarence, Lee, the Alchemists, Jill and Eddie. Pay attention to every word, every detail, and report it to me later. It may all be useful.I dont know that that really clears things up.You have potential, Adrian. Too much potential to waste. Im very sorry for what happened with Rose, but you have to move on. Maybe things dont make sense now, but they will later. Trust me.I almost felt bad for Adrian. Abe had once told me to t rust him too, and look how things had turned out.I waited until the two Moroi returned in spite of appearance and then followed a minute later. In the living room, Keith was still eating away his cocky attitude but looked relieved to have me back. We discussed more expand and worked out a schedule for feedings, one I was in register of maintaining since Id have to drive Jill (and Eddie, since he didnt want to let her out of his sight) back and forth to Clarences.How are you going to get to feedings? I asked Adrian. After hearing his conversation with Abe, I was now more curious than ever about his role here. Adrian was standing against the wall, on the opposite side of the room. His arms were pass defensively, and there was a rigidness to his posture that conflicted with the lazy smile he wore. I couldnt be sure, but it looked as though he was designedly positioning himself as far from Rose as possible. By walking down the hall.Seeing my puzzled look, Clarence explained, Adrian will be staying here with me. It will be nice to have someone else in these old walls.Oh, I said. To myself, I muttered, How very Secret Garden.Hmm? asked Adrian, tilting his head toward me.I flinched. Their hearing was good. Nothing. I was just thinking of a book I read.Oh, said Adrian dismissively, glancing away. The way he said the word seemed to be a condemnation of books everywhere.Dont blank out me, said Lee, grinning at his father. I told you Ill be around more.Maybe young Adrian here will keep you out of trouble, then, declared Clarence.No one said anything to that, but I saw Adrians friends ex swop a few amused glances.Keith didnt look nearly as freaked out as he had when wed arrived, but there was a new air of fidgetiness and irritability in him that I didnt quite understand. Well, he said, after unclutter his throat. I need to get home and take care of some business. And since youre my ride, SydneyHe left the words hanging but looked at me meaningfully. From what Id l earned, I was more convinced than ever that Palm Springs was the least active vampire area anywhere. I couldnt honestly figure out what business Keith would have to take care of, but we had to leave here sooner or later. Eddie and Jill went to gather their luggage, and Rose used the opportunity to pull me aside.How have you been? she asked in a low voice. Her smile was genuine. Ive been worried about you, ever since well, you know. No one would tell me what happened to you. The last time Id seen her, Id been held prisoner in a hotel by guardians while the Moroi tried to figure out how big my role had been in Roses escape.I was in a little trouble at first, I said. But its past. What was a small lie between friends? Rose was so strong that I couldnt stand the thought of looking weak in front of her. I didnt want her to know that I still lived in fear of the Alchemists, forced to do whatever it took to get back in their good graces.Im glad, she said. They told me originally it was you r sister that was going to be here.Those words reminded me again how Zoe could replace me at any moment. It was a mix-up.Rose nodded. Well, I feel a little better with you here, but its still hard I still feel like I should protect Jill. But I need to protect Lissa too. They think Jills the easier target, but theyre still going after Lissa. The inner turmoil shone in her dark eyes, and I felt a pang of pity. This was what Id had trouble explaining to the other Alchemists, how dhampirs and vampires could seem so human at times. Its been crazy, you know. Ever since Lissa took the throne? I thought Id finally get to relax with Dimitri. Her smile broadened. I shouldve known nothings ever simple with us. Weve spent all our time looking out for Lissa and Jill.Jill will be okay. As long as the dissidents dont know shes here, it should all be easy. Boring, even.She was still smiling, but her smile had dimmed a little. I hope so. If you only knew what had happened Her expression changed as s ome memory seized her. I started to insist she tell me what had happened, but she shifted the subject before I could. Were working on changing the integrity the one that says Lissa needs one family member in order to stay queen. Once thats done, both she and Jill will be out of danger. But that just means those who want to take out Jill are more amok than ever, because they know the clocks ticking.How long? I asked. How long will it take to change the law?I dont know. A few months, maybe? Legal stuff well, its not my thing. Not the details of it, at least. She grimaced briefly and then became involution tough again. She tossed her hair over one shoulder. Crazy people who want to hurt my friends? That is my thing, and believe me, I know how to deal with it.I remember, I said. It was weird. I thought of Rose as one of the strongest people I knew, yet it seemed as though she needed my assurance. Look, you go do what you do, and Ill do what I do. Ill make sure Jill blends in. You gu ys got her out without anyone knowing. Shes off the grid now.I hope so, Rose repeated, voice grim. Because if shes not, your little group here doesnt stand a chance against those crazy rebels.

A PSO Based Cluster Formation Algorithm for Optimal PMU Placement in KPTC

A PSO Based foregather Formation Algorithm for optimal PMU Placement in KPTCLFirst A. Writer,Appellation, plaque, Second B. Author, and Third C. Author, Jr. , Designation, OrganizationAbstraction Power strategy province judgement with the sole deployment of synchronous phasor measurements demands that the remains must be wholly obvious with PMUs merely. Direct measuring of order angles of current and electromotive strength phasors argon now affirmable by Phasor meter Units ( PMUs ) . To hold lesser puzzle forth of PMUs, the organization reflect in any electronic ne twork is considered as an optimisation romp. This paper presents a ingredient flock Optimization ( PSO ) found bunch formation algorithmic programic rule for optimal PMU em pullment. The proposed algorithm clusters the jitneys into many sub groups and the maximal connectivity bus is selected as the brain educate. The PMU is position on the promontory heap to pull off the machine-accessible coachs for established arranging observability. This paper analyses the proposed algorithm for the succeeding(prenominal) three exemplifys 1. Without PMU loss, 2. With humle PMU loss, and 3. Zero Injection Bus. The simulation emergences for IEEE coach and the KPTCL coach agreements argon presented and comp ard with the bing ack-acks. The proposed consequences attest that the method is simple to implement and supply the accurate PMU line of battle.Index ground IEEE Bus, Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited ( KPTCL ) , best PMU Placement, mote Swarm Optimization ( PSO ) , Phasor Measurement Units ( PMUs ) , and Power System State EstimationI. IntroductionPower common-service corporations ar confronting swarm menaces of security of operation due to the over stressed world place web in the todays competitory occasion market scenario. Phasor Measurement Unit ( PMU ) is an measuring device which is used to mensurate the current and electromotive force. It us es the world-wide graveling System ( GPS ) pulsation to ease the synchronised measurings of material nip phasors of currents and electromotive force. A situation constitution is said to be recogniz satisfactory when electromotive force phasors at all the coachs are known. Harmonizing to Ohms Law, if a PMU is placed at the coach, so the neighboring coachs besides become discernible. Obviously, when PMUs are placed at all the coachs of the web, and the measurings for all the PMUs are communicated to the control units, so the electromotive force phasors at all the coachs would be known. This attack rout out alter the traditional appraisal to province measuring. PMUs are already installed in several public-service corporations for assorted applications rough the universe such as province appraisal, adaptative protection and system protection strategies. new(prenominal) application Fieldss include s get acrossness monitoring, Wide sphere Monitoring and Control ( WAMC ) and effi cient system use.In the traditional position systems, the coachs are monitored utilizing the conventional measurings from electromotive force and current transformers and the informations are forwarded to the Energy heed System ( EMS ) through the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition ( SCADA ) system. It collects the existent clip measurings from the Remote Terminal Units ( RTUs ) placed in substations. This attacks are non able to supervise all the measurings across a profuse estate office system because the informations are non time-synchronized 1 . PMUs are an of the essence(p) portion of heady grids and therefore the rate of PMU installings are increasing. In the emerging engineering, the major expel demand to be addressed is the parade of PMUs, which is influenced by the awaited system applications. The major factor restricting the get wind of PMU installings are their personify and the communicating installations. Hence, the cost and communicating hindrances of PMUs have been motivated the research workers to place the stripped PMU installing for the awaited applications. Puting PMUs on all coachs of the power system consequences a complete observability of the system. Since, a coach is observed if a PMU is placed on it or some of its beside coachs, it is neither economical nor necessary to charm set such installings. As a effect, a job called Optimal PMU Placement ( OPP ) job has been occurs.The purpose of this paper is to place the best take care of PMUs to do the KPTCL topologically discernible. Here, a PSO ground Clustering Algorithm is proposed to constellate the coachs. The heading coach is selected found on the maximal connectivity among the coachs. The heading coach is placed with the PMU to supervise the other affiliated coachs. The PMU governing body scheme confirms the system observability during the practice on the job conditions and besides the individual PMU failures. The proposed method is found to be simple, fa st and accurate in calculation. The proposed method is utilize on IEEE-6, IEEE-7, IEEE-9, IEEE-14, IEEE-30 coach systems and KPTCL power symbolises for 28 coach, 127 coach and 155 coach systems to verify the proposed algorithm public presentation.The staying portion of the paper is organized as follows Section II involves the plants related to the bing algorithms for best PMU administration job. Section III involves the description of the proposed PSO ground bunch formation algorithm for best PMU arrangement. Section IV involves the public presentation digest of the proposed work. The paper is concluded in Section V.II. cogitate PlantsWith the figure of PMUs estimated for installing in the close hereafter, both the public-service corporations and research workers are looking for the best solutions to their arrangement. The solutions for the optimum PMU arrangement job cigaret be classified into two types mathematical and heuristic algorithms. Some of the bing plants relate d to the optimum PMU arrangements are discussed. Integer scheduling is a mathematical scheduling attack for work outing an optimisation job holding whole deem design variables.Singhintroduced an whole number programming based methodological abbreviation for the optimum arrangement of PMU. It reduces the cost of installing and ease the dependable power system observability. The slide fastener injection coachs construct was used to further expurgate down the figure of PMUs. Integer programming helps to supply multiple consequences if the adjacent coachs to adjust injection coachs were non handled decently. The best consequences was selected based on the 2 .Fan and Watsonproposed a multi-channel PMU arrangement job and their solution. Here, a close relationship among the PMU arrangement job and the authoritative combinatorial job were set 3 .Roy et Alproposed an optimum PMU arrangement attack for power system observability. Here, a three phase optimum PMU arrangement method was formulated based on web connectivity information. variant 1 and present 2 of the algorithm iteratively estimate the less of implication coach locations to extinguish the PMUs and estimates where the PMUs were retained. The last phase reduces the figure of PMUs utilizing the pruning operation. The optimum set of PMU locations were noticeed for web observability 4 .Manousakis and Korresdesigned a leaden least squares algorithm for optimum PMU arrangement. A quadratic minimization job with uninterrupted stopping point factors were formulated capable to the nonlinear observability restraints. The optimum solution was obtained by an free nonlinear weighted least squares method 5 .Mahari and Seyediproposed a binary program star program star star Imperialistic Competition Algorithm ( BICA ) for optimum PMU arrangement. The zero injection coach was considered for all probes to obtain the suited replies. In add-on to the traditional regulations, upstart regulation was be sides generated. It helps to cut down the figure of PMUs arrangement 6 .Tai et Alproposed a Random Component unwrapages ( RCO ) for optimum PMU arrangement for power system appraisal. The optimum locations were chosen to cut down the province appraisal and mistake covariance 7 .Sodhi et Alpresented an optimum PMU arrangement method for complete topological and numeric observability of power system. A two phase PMU arrangement attack was proposed. sort 1 identifies the minimal figure of PMUs to do the system topologically discernible. Phase 2 was proposed to place if the resulted PMU arrangement outputs to a full graded measuring Jacobian. A consecutive riddance algorithm was proposed to place the optimum locations of extra PMUs 8 . An Exhaustive hunt is an optimisation technique which consistently enumerates all possible campaigners for the solution. It chosen the campaigner which satisfy the restraints at the optimal nonsubjective map value. It guaranteed the determination of the planetary optimum but it was non suited for big surpass systems with immense hunt infinite.Azizi et Alproposed an optimum PMU arrangement by an tantamount running(a) preparation for thorough hunt. The province appraisal was implemented based on the complete additive arrangement 9 .Fei et Al 10 discussed an optimum PMU arrangement based on the limited thorough attack. An about optimum PMU arrangement ( AOPP ) was established in order to place the seeking infinite. AOPP was deterministically retrieved by dilate power system province observability compendium. The impression of coach neighbour was defined to deduce the seeking infinite of limited thorough attack. The heuristic algorithms applied for optimum arrangements are Familial algorithm, Tabu Search, Simulated Annealing, Differential Evolution, segment Swarm Optimization ( PSO ) , Immune Algorithm, Iterated Local Search ( ILS ) , Crossing head Search ( STS ) , Greedy Algorithm, Recursive Security N Algorithm, Dec ision corner and Practical Heuristic Algorithm.Hajian et Alintroduced an optimum PMUs arrangement to keep the web observability utilizing a modified BPSO algorithm. An optimum measuring set was estimated to obtain the full web observability during normal conditions. After any PMU loss or individual transmittal line outage, the derived strategy in normal status was modified. Observability analysis was carried out based on topological observability regulations. A new regulation was added to minimise the figure of PMUs for complete system observability. A modified BPSO algorithm was used as an optimisation tool to acquire the minimum figure of PMUs and their corresponding locations 11 .Sharma and Tyagidesigned an optimum PMU arrangement attack based on Binary Particle Swarm Optimization ( BPSO ) with the conventional measurings. Quadratic scheduling was used in BPSO algorithm. A method for pseudo observability was introduced for deepness one and depth two with and without zero inje ction measurings. It was tested on IEEE-7, IEEE-14, IEEE-30 and IEEE-57 coach system utilizing BPSO technique 12 .Peng et Alformulated a multi nonsubjective optimum PMU arrangement utilizing a non-dominated select derived function development algorithm. It is an organic integrating of Pareto non-dominated sorting operation and the differential development algorithm. It enhances the single crowding mechanism and common mechanism 13 .El-Zonkoly et Alproposed an Improved Tabu Search ( ITS ) for complete observability and out of measure anticipation. The system was based on numerical observability and unreal intelligence. ITS was used to place the optimum arrangement for the PMU to maintain the system wholly discernible. A Predictive Out of Step ( OOS ) algorithm was proposed based on the observation of the electromotive force stage difference among the substations 14 .Aminifar et Alformulated an optimum PMU arrangement based on probabilistic cost or benefit analysis. The decrea se of system hazard cost was recognized as the benefit linked with the development of broad country measuring system 15 .Das et Aldesigned a simulation of broad country measuring system with optimum phasor measuring unit location. These measurings were by and large taken for every 4 to 10 seconds offering a steady province position of the power system behaviour. It was implemented on IEEE six coach system 16 .Jamuna and Swarupproposed a multi-objective biogeography based optimisation for optimum PMU arrangement. Here, the coincident optimisation of the two conflicting aims like minimisation of the figure of PMUs and maximization of the measuring redundancy were performed. The Pareto optimum solution was obtained based on the non-dominated sorting and herding distance. The compromised solution was selected based on the fuzzy based mechanism from the Pareto optimum solution 17 .Ghosh et Almade a dependability analysis of GIS aided optimum PMU location for smart operation. It loo k into the impact of topological properties on commissioning PMUs. Reliability was ensured through assorted PMU connectivity constellation 18 .Peppanen et Alproposed an optimum PMU arrangement with binary PSO 19 .Abiri et Alintroduced an optimum PMU arrangement method for complete topological observability of power system. A revised preparation for the optimum arrangement job of the sorts of PMUs was presented 20 .III. PSO Based Cluster Formation For Optimal PMU PlacementPower system observability is indispensable for placing the existent clip monitoring and province appraisal of the system. PMUs enable travel solutions to bing public-service corporation jobs and supply power system engineers a whole chain of possible benefitsAccurate appraisal of the power system province can be obtained at frequent intervals,Permiting dynamic phenomena to be observed from a main location and suited control actions are taken.Post perturbation analysis will be much improved for the PMU arran gement job, which is obtained with the precise images of the system states through GPS synchronism.This subdivision proposed a PSO based Optimal PMU Placement in power systems. The aim of this method is to supply the optimum arrangement of PMUs, which can do the system discernible and to maximise the measurement redundancy of the system. Fig.1 shows the campaign of the proposed method. Initially, the coach system is taken and each coach is considered as a node. Each node connectivity is updated in the binary tabular aline. Here, we are sing the undermentioned three instancesWithout PMU LossWith PMU LossZero InjectionsA. Particle Swarm Optimization Based Cluster Formation for Optimal PMU PlacementPSO is an optimisation algorithm which facilitates a population based search process in which single are termed as atoms. Here, the PSO algorithm is used to constellate the coachs for optimum PMU arrangement. Each atom contains a PMU arrangement constellation for a power system. It represe nts that each atom is constructed by binary marks, such that each coach of the power system has a dimension which indicates the being of a PMU in that coach, it is equal to 1, otherwise 0.Algorithm 1 PSO based Cluster FormationInput signalConnectivity inside informations of the given over coach system1 Create binary tabular soldiers for the given coachs asForI = 1 to figure of coachForJ = 1 to figure of coachIfcoach ( I ) connect to bus ( J )Matrix factor represent as 1ElseMatrix element represent as 0 bar If closing ForEnd For2 D= shopping mall ( degree Fahrenheit(postnominal) ( x ) )3 L = soap ( vitamin D )4 Calculate the coach connexion for LThursdaycoach and topographic point PMU on that coach5 Update the binary tabular array by extinguishing the coach from binary tabular array6 arrange atoms7 Position of atoms = x and y organizing points of coach location.8 quicken = random ( figure of coachs )9 Check fittingness for given place by utilizing nonsubjective map.10 Minimum ( F_Position )1112 Position = Position + Velocity13ForK = 1 to loopIfPresent_fitness &038 A lt Last_fitnessUpdate fittingness valueEnd IfUpdate speed and place.End For14 Find upper limit ( fitness_value ) , mf = soap ( fittingness )15 Topographic point PMU on that coach.16 Update duplicate star tabular array by extinguishing the coach from binary tabular array.17 Cringle to Step 6 until binary table gets empty.18Ifthe PMU placed at merely one coach,Check the near coach and made connexion between them and update bunch.19End IfThe proposed algorithm is applied on the three instances for optimum PMU arrangement.B. Case 1 Without PMU LossIn this instance, the zero injection and the flow measuring are ignored. To explicate the restraint set, the binary connectivity matric is formed whose entries are defined in the undermentioned equation( 1 )The matrix can be straight metric from the coach entree matrix by change overing the entries in the binary signifier.See the six coach systemT he binary tabular array B is defined as( 2 )The restraints for this instance is,( 3 )From the binary tabular array, place the maximal connectivity among the coachs. The tabular array shows the maximal connectivity is occurred in coach 3. Hence, coach 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are eliminated from the binary tabular array.Then, the binary tabular array can be updated as,( 4 )After capital punishment the PSO based constellating algorithm, the PMU is placed on coach 1 and bus 3, which is shown in fig.3.C. Case 2 With loss of PMUIt is considered as each coach is discernible by individual PMU and these PMUs are placed by the proposed bunch algorithm. Hence, the arrangement of PMUs are extremely dependable but, if any perturbation occurred in power system or due to maintenance purpose any of the PMUs topographic points is out from the system. If any of the PMU is disconnected, so some of the coachs are connected to that PMUs are non remain discernible. In order to get the better of such unthough t-of PMU failures, a scheme is considered for individual PMU loss. It can be achieved if all the coachs are observed by at least two PMUs. These are operated as two sets,Primary setBackup setIf suppose the PMU from primary set is non working decently, so the disdain set will take the duty to detect the coachs. To obtain the brace of PMUs, the restraint and nonsubjective map will stay same by merely modifying the alteration in matrix f. In this instance, the elements of degree Fahrenheit is equal to 2 alternatively of 1. It is defined as follows( 5 )This instance place the PMU for supervising the individual coach by two PMUs. Other than the nonsubjective map, the stairss are same. The new restraint map can be constructed as follows( 6 )D. Case 3 Zero InjectionZero injection coachs are the coachs from that no current is passed into the system. Zero injection correspond to the reassigning nodes in the system. If zero injection coachs are besides designed in the PMU arrangement job, t he full figure of PMUs are farther minimized. See the undermentioned illustration for zero injection on six coach system where coach 2 is considered as the zero injection coach.Now, the restraint for zero injection coach can be written as follows,( 7 )From the above equation, it is identified that the coach 3 has maximum connectivity. Hence, PMU is placed on the coach for full system observability.IV. Performance AnalysisTo measure the public presentation of the proposed method, the optimum arrangement of PMU job is solved for IEEE criterion coach system and KPTCL 220 and 400 kV power systems. The KPTCL power coachs are shown in fig.6. The consequences of the proposed method for IEEE coach system is illustrated in table 2. Here, IEEE-6 coach, IEEE-7 coach, IEEE-9 coach, IEEE-14 coach, and IEEE-30 coach system are considered for rating. Table 2 provides consequences for the three instances of IEEE coach systems.We collect the information from the KPTCL 220 and 400 kilovolt power syst em. Here, the PMU arrangement is obtained merely for the instance 1 ( without PMU loss ) . Hence, we proposed an algorithm to obtain the PMU arrangement, which suits for all the three instances ( with loss, without loss, zero injection coach ) . Table 3 provides the entire figure of PMU arrangement collected from the KPTCL. Whereas table 4 provides the proposed consequence for the given power system. The proposed method consequences for 28 coach, 127 coach and 155 coach system in all the three instances.V. Conclusion and Future WorkIn this paper, a PSO based bunch formation algorithm is proposed to work out the optimum PMU arrangement job.

LL Bean Essay

1. How remarkable (quantitatively) of a problem is the mismatch between supply and postulate for LL loft? As per the historical series and its associated statistical description (see graph below), we idler observe that on that point is a signifi back endt spread between the A/F ratios sine the stock deviation equals 1/3 of the mean. in any case in cases, there is mismatch beyond 50% between the point and the certain demand. Besides the mean value shows that there is a 9% bias meaning that on average the actual is always 9% above the prognosticate. It should be noticed as well that there scattering is skewed to the left with higher values meaning that there is a 100% underestimation for certain keepsakes.2. Use the provided Excel file that contains demand and think info for a collection of items. Suppose those are the data LL domed stadium entrust physical exercise to plan their next season. Consider an item that retails for $45 dollars and costs LL edible bean $25 . The liquidation price for this item will be $15. The sales forecast for this item is 12,000. What order quantity would LL Bean choose for this item?Based on the Cu/(Co+Cu) ratio that equals 20/(10+20) =0,667 and the A/F dispersal, we destruction-up with a probability of 0,676 given the round up rule. Hence LL Bean should order 12 000 * 1,179975 = 14160 items to maximize its profit. (We used the distribution derived from the data rather than the normal distribution with the kindred mean and standard deviation. Indeed despite the important gaps between the different percentiles of the real distribution, we abandon the hypothesis that the distribution is normal at a 5% aim as per the Anderson Darling test result with p-value= 3%).3. Assuming LL Bean manages to derive the correct forecast, what do you think virtually their ordering mathematical process? (You may wish to begin with Mark Fasolds concerns at the end of the case. Also, think about Rol Fessendens concern about estim ating contribution shore and liquidation costs). If the contribution margin and liquidations costs are wrongly assessed this has a direct consequence on the lading order size as per the newsvendor model methods (cf. the Cu/(Co+Cu) ratio). There is a grey subject area in the case to know how LL Bean really assesses the number of actual for products generating a demand higher than the forecast. An overestimation of lost sales can create a bias loop since it will impact the next year order commitment by generating mechanically higher commitment orders. As per the mean (8% above 1) and the distribution that is skewed to the left, it could be inferred that there is a systematic overestimation of lost sales which may relieve that there are not different common pattern across items and buyers. We cant suggest any bias due to outlier since they credit entry that there have not found any specific pattern. The split up between new and never out for the historical errors makes sense s ince two nature of articles share a common property. We recommend making use of the knell calls and orders through all selling channel to build to a greater extent big-chested analytical data and reduce the potential bias of data used to build the A/F distribution.4. What do you think about LL Beans forecasting process? Is that the best that they can do?Problems It seems unreliable and not data driven as per the use of rules of ripple and use of consensus that may reduce the weight of the expert. Forecast reconciliation come in with the bottom up (items by items) and the top down ( compose) approach forecast approach. A lot of the forecast relies on the inaccurate slash at the end of the process. Aggregation of demand for item common to different catalogs seems indecipherable and prone to error, there may be an overestimation of the demand forecast by double counting the expected sales (cf. catalog arriving to same customer that are considered the best i.e. buying the mos t). Issues with the impact of new products and cannibalization Differences discovered between the aggregationSuggestions More frequent interactions between bottom up and top down approach to avoid or at to the lowest degree reduce the slash of the end. Such interactions could be achieved through the so-called W approach that implies meeting points at different levels over the process. For items common to several(prenominal) catalogs, consider a customer approach instead of a catalog approach to avoid counting several eras the expected leverage of one customer receiving several catalogs. We recommend making use of the phone calls and orders through all selling channel to build more robust analytical data in order to improve the forecasting process. essay to find alternate sources of supply to reduce the current lead time of 9 months and allow finalizing the forecasting process closer to the sales time.

Facebook Hacking Essay

Hey Guys, This Is Awesome Tutorial Written By Me And none That This Is Not each geek Of mistaken systems, This Is Real And Worked Method To strumpet Facebook In Just Couple Of Minutes, In This Trick You Just Need troika Friends In Victims reputation. If You come This Then You Can slow Hake Your Victims Account. Facebook Is A Largest Community In This World, There argon Billions Of Accounts In Facebook Community And There are Lack Or Accounts append Day By Day, either People Talking And Sharing Their face-to-face Things In Facebook, Thats Why This Facebook HACKING In Born., M I pay ?? Facebook Have Many Vulnerability To Hack Any Account solely It Is Not Easy To Hack Facebook Account, Mostly Facebook Have Vulnerability In Their Applications So People Mostly Hack Facebook Using This Vulnerabilities And There Are Many Other Methods To Hack Facebook Account Like Key loggers , Phishing, blank out Password Trick, And Many More. In This Methods Most Of All Peoples Use Phishin g Method To Hack Facebook Account But straight off We Are Going To Hack Facebook Account With 3 Friends Method Which Is Very Easy,Here Below All tinctures To Hack Facebook With Easy Method, footfall 1 - Go To Any Browser And Open Facebook. com And tick off On Forget Password Without composition Anything. Step 2 - In Next Window You Have To show Victims email Id Or Phone Number. Then mop up On Search. Step 3 - Then You pass on obtain One Window Like Below, In This Click On This Is My Account. Step 4 - In This Next Step They Will require To Reset Password With Many Methods Like Victims Gmail, rube Mail Address Or Victims Phone Number And ETC But dresst Worries We Dont Need This Information In This StepJust Click On No longer have ingress to these ? . Step 5 - Awww. . . Now Its Main Thing, If You Will Be Asked To Fill New Email Address, Where You Want To Receive Password connective, So You Have One Email Account, Just Make One Fake Account Note- Dont Register This Email Id In Facebook. So Enter Email Address And Click On Submit. Step 6 - This Is Second Level Of Facebook security measures Which Called As A Security Question, Here Facebook Have Vulnerability, You Just Have To Write wrongfulness Answer terce Times, Then You Will Bypass This Security.Step 7 - In This Steps You Can take down Back To Your Facebook Account With Three Friends, So You Can See One Window Below, Click On come up. Step 8 - afterward Click On Continue You Will Be Asked For call for Three Friends One By One. After Select Click On Submit. Step 9 - Now Facebook Will Send Secret Code To This Three Friends, So lift up This Code And Click On Password Reset This is Demo recital Android Text to PDF Converter Page No. 2 Link Which You Got In Email.Thats All. . . There Are Some Problem You Have To Face With This Method Which Are Below, In Step 4 When You Click On No longer have access to these ? , If Victim Hast Set Any Security Questions, Then You Cant Get Second Step, But You Will Be Ask For Real Email Id, Check Out This. After Clicking I cannot Access My Email. You Will Be See One Window Like Below, Under This Type Of Situation Choose Different Method To Hack Facebook Or Choose Another Victim This is Demo Version

Islam in Seven Pages Essay

Islam is regarded as superstar of the worlds top religions in terms of denomination. It has been practiced around the world for almost all cognise human history. Followers of the Islam religion argon all over the globe, nonplus in almost e very(prenominal) country. They argon people whom we encounter or may encounter in our daily lives. Islam followers had been victims to reckless stereotyping and put on assumptions. So to go across these up, it is just fair that we should at least occupy a peek into the subject and try to understand the nature of Islam. The archeozoic Years of the Prophet MuhammadA simple man, destined to be 1 of the greatest man that ever lived. Once, there was political instability and disquietude among the people Arabia. People became far from deity and care less if they are. They are worshiping idols and false gods. The situation is much interchangeable what the whole world is experiencing in the present era. A simple man, a working-class type of man, was chosen by the one God himself, to carry out the messages of God to rectify the world from its impurities that are causing its own miseries. Muhammad entered the world in 570 A. D. The let out Muhammad literally translates as praiseworthy. Unfortunately for the young Muhammad, his father died just four months after his birth and his m opposite departed when he was precisely hexad geezerhood of age. He was an orphan, and so his uncle took care of him. He worked as a shepherd boy for his neighbors and a camel driver, traversing the Arabia-Syria route for his uncle. with hard-work and dedication, He did soundly in the business of handling trade caravans for merchants. His clients gave him the nickname Al-Amin which means trustworthy. Through this career, his travels paved the way for him to be in contact with people of other nationalities and faith.When he reached the age of 25, he was employed by Khadija, a pixilated widow, who later on became his wife. The couple enjoye d a happy and loving marriage. A man having m any wives was a common practice during that time, but Muhammad had only one wife, even when after she passed away only 24 years after their marriage. Tragedy has gotten its fair share with this man. He had his ups and downs, much like everyone else in this planet. But something great was destined for this man. He is soon to be experiencing an encounter of divine proportions. The Prophets Life in MeccaDuring Muhammads late 30s, he developed the habit of taking official visits to a cave in Mount Hira, located in the outskirts of Mecca, to mediate and discern solitude away from the problems of society. In 610 A. D, during the time Khadija was still alive, in one of his visits he rushed to their home telling his wife that an holy person appeared before him. His wife was initially shocked but later on became his first convert. It was Angel Gabriel that appeared before him. The angel told him that God commands him to proclaim His banter a mong his fellow human beings. He was reluctant to follow the command at first.He sees himself as just a normal person. He fearfully replied that he is not fit for the job. The angel commanded that Muhammad must speak for God to his people. Speak about His message that He will teach humankind what we do not know. And about Gods incomparable credit and generosity to his creations. The angel continued to visit him. Khadija supported his husband finished this experience. Muhammad managed to be convinced and confident that it is truly God that had chosen him to pitch the holy message. Since then, Muhammad was burdened the holy mission of delivering Gods quarrel to His people.Muhammad was assigned the holy mission to change the ways of his fellow countrymen. He conveyed the holy message that they should shun away from materialism, polytheism, basebornity, and should only worship Allah as the only God. But during his conveyance of the holy message, he made it clear to the people that he is not a divine being of any kind, he is simply a prophet. He clearly stated that he is not able to perform miracles, only the one God is subject of such things. He was merely a messenger of Gods commands. Almost three years had passed and there were only forty converts to the faith.This is because numerous people in Mecca opposed the message because the kind of society they are indulging themselves is jeopardized. The people in Mecca wont simply find it easy to give up their wealthy economic status and immoral indulgences. Muhammads early followers were heavily persecuted by Meccans who are but to be converted and saved by the message. The persecution has led Muhammad to decide to ladder to Medina for safety. The Prophets Life in Medina Ironically, Muhammad was born into the Quraysh tribe. And this tribe was one of the first tribe to react violently to the holy message Muhammad conveyed.They had been very careful in keeping their migration to Medina unknown to the Quraysh t ribe. They moved individually and in pairs to gradually complete the secret migration. During this time, the Quraysh tribe are considering their methods of action towards Muhammad. Theyve came up with imprisonment, exile, and the final decision was murder. The angry Meccans trailed Muhammad and his followers on their way to Medina. By the greace of God, they managed to escape the Meccans by hiding inside a cave. Upon their arrival at Medina, 73 converts pledged loyalty to Muhammad.During his first year in Medina, he authored the Constitution of Medina which is a formal agreement between him and the important tribes in the area. It is mainly concerned the rivalry of clans and to bring it into an end. As an effect, it bonded Muslim, Jewish and Pagans of Medina into a peaceful community. Muhammad later on led the Battle of Badr against the Quraysh. This was has been on-going for a gigantic time and Muhammads victory is attributed to divine intervention. Muhammad was also a tonality f actor in winning other battles over those in affray with the faith.

Communication Ia

INTRODUCTION For this Portfolio, the re beatation I chose was Peer mash in Sport. charge though Peer impel is a grand topic, personally, I chose this theme because of my observations and experiences developed due to my involvement in shoot a lines and with another(prenominal)(a) athletes. This topic muckle assist my academic background by projecting me how to thr iodine with people. It tush too help me with my future c arer of creation a superior rugby kneader where I bottom experience to cope and deal with issues that may do my way. This theme would be represend in a short communion where it would be analyzed and discussed.A dialogue a tour a gathering of y turn uphs who are given an opportunity to show their talent where simply seven prevailers were needed. This cause a player to infract the sport because he wasnt chosen. This musical style was chosen because in my view, the theme was placed in a place setting where the take acer end read and underst and the points that would be brought forward with proscribed having to read between the lines. For my Expository, the Primary Source that would be employ is a Questionnaire and the supplementary Source would be a website, www. bbc. com. These sources would assist my investigating and my research question. PREFACEPeer Pressure is the influence exerted by a peer group or an individual, boost other individuals to change their attitudes, values or behaviors in order to aline to group norms. This reflective is exhibited in as a dialogue because I believe that readers may better understand the pattern when placed in a real life situation. This piece shows a group of teenagers from nearly the area, mainly football gameers, who are subjected to pick their best sestet players and a shop steward for a tourney. The setting of the dramatic piece is taken in a neighborhood.This piece was produced and mean for a teenage audience who participate in sport activities or teenagers who watch sports. The type of verbiage used in the reflective would allow them relate to the situation and in any case allow a little comic relief. This piece is expected to bespeak the specified audience because of the negative and positive impacts on y out(a)hs. They can overly relate to experiencing or observing this type of situation or one similar in any sport they play or that they would equivalent to play. This dialogue can be used at a indoctrinate or at a presentation amongst teenage athletes.This would allow them musing slam 1 This scene gos on the corner of Tern Drive. This occurs in the flush succession when the youths of the neighborhood usually come out their houses to hang out. Kerry Wah handout on fellas? Wats d vybz. Jody Im alright and you? Keevyn I further dey for d piece. Curtis Wats the programme to night prison term fellas? Sweat awa? Brian Yeah, I for dat. in allyuh hadda foreknow out d abide ah them though. Five ah we cyah sweat alone. Kerry Yeah boi Keevyn. You confuse d bike so start pedaling cuz I non walking. We would image ur on d field. Keevyn Steupzz, eer doing me this yes.Waheva, I would meet allyuh on d field. (E actuallyone departs, Keevyn on his bike to call out the others and the rest walking international to the field. ) Scene 2 On the field the friendly game of football begins. It goes on for a while, while other guys appear to partake in the custom. An mystic human being also appears to watch the game. After a shot was taken wide of the remainder he calls in e rattlingone. Mr. mackintosh Youths conform to add up whitethorn I render a few seconds of your play time? Kerry Wam pops, what you want? I hope is not any Jehovah profess thing. (Everyone laughs) Mr. mack No , my name is Mr. mack I want to place an spell for you young footballers. Curtis well hurry up. Talk fast cuz d lights does come off ten. Mr. Mac I am hosting a tournament in the indoor instalment in Chaguanas. It is six and a keeper tournament but its only one much side I need. So recognize your best six and let me know. The prize is $6,000. 00 and guiltless to enter. (They all fix enthusiastic about it and start public lecture amongst themselves. ) Kerry Aite fellas. All ah we look interested, so we for it. Jody Well I guess Keevyn would be the netminder because he is very good in the goal post.Keevyn Waheva, dont matter to me. fair choose a good side cuz if I get much than 3 I walking off. Kerry Aite, the side is me, Keevyn, Curtis, Jody, Brian, Beans and ponderosity Frog. Che So what bout me? I way better dan Beans. He is rel discolouration and he rel slow. Brian Nah Che. Beans having ting. He is a good playmaker. He could reach rel farthermost dawg. You on the other hand should stop play football on a whole. hypothecate you on d reserve side for Couva Sec. untie dawg. Khellon (laughing scandalously) You contrive one seta cricketers starting before you. Best you very stop yes. Che Steupz z forget allyuh son dan.I going home. That why allyuh not going to set ahead anything. (Che walks off very angrily blabbering to himself and kicking the floor. ) Mr. Mac OK. luxuriant with that petty squabble. here(predicate) is my card, (He hands Kerry the card) and you can call me to register the label of the players you have chosen. I have some more pressing matters to attend to so my time is short. Good Bye for now. (Mr. Mac makes his departure and the boys go back to play football. ) Scene 3 The team they carried to the tournament win it and some of the players were scouted for pro League teams.They all came out to have their evening sweat a week after for the first time since the tournament. They sent Keevyn to call out the rest of players. Keevyn Che Che Afternoon Sweat boi. (Che walks outside to his gate) Che Nah boi, me and football is not no friend again. I realize allyuh men was talking sense lowest time so forget it. Keevyn (laughs softly) You serious dan. Waheva dawgie you do your ting. Che Yea boi allyuh is rel finagle friend. (Che walks back inside his house while Keevyn rides away to call out the rest of the players. (Keevyn reaches the field already sweating to meet some of the guys cheat the ball. ) Keevyn Eh allyuh know d youth man really stop play football. Jody Who are you talking about? Keevyn Che boi D man say we was corpulent d truth when Mr. Mac was here. So he really gelt play football. Kerry (With a puzzled look on his face) Hmm. He cyah be serious. Waheva yes. Forget bout he. If he cyah take talk, football is really not for him. Jody So are we going to stand and talk for the rest of the night or play football? Everyone realizes then surpass unto the field to begin the match. ) ANALYTICAL This analysis is indite to show the disparate aspects of chat. The genre of construct that would be analyzed is a dramatic piece. The aspects of communication that would ensure a proper analysis are the registers used and the dialec tal variations exhibited. The reflective was indite to give off a comedic effect to get wind to keep the intended audience alert and not bore them, but also put across the points that were needed to show them situation at hand.It was also written presupposing that the readers have encountered or will encounter experiences to which they can relate and report their discernment upon the devices employed in the piece. Throughout the piece, an in pro forma register was used amongst the youths of the neighborhood. This can be shown because of the types of slangs used. Register is the kind of terminology used that is impound to a particular context or situation. For guinea pig Wah going on fellas? Wats d vybz? This type of dustup was used because of how they have been friends for a dandy period of time and that they play football together.However, a more formal tone is exchanged between Mr. Mac and the youths, e. g. Youths Come Come May I have a few seconds of your playing time? . This take of formality is due to the fact that Mr. Mac was confluence them for the first time. Mr. Mac and Jody are the only two characters who communicate modular English and applying the acrolect variation. Mr. Macs use of the talking to may have been because of his social side or that he wanted to sound as if he actually does have status to promote his tournament. It may have also been because he was well educated.Jody, however, may have just grown up in an environment where the language he speaks is favored more, seeing that he speaks the language even in an easy setting. The rest of the characters spoke a more basilect variation of the language. This may have been because of the setting and that they are comfortable with the language they speak or that they came from a lower class. numerous of the youths speech contained typical creole structure such(prenominal) as the permutation of the th with the d as shown in the display case Eh allyuh know d youth man.. .Commu nication IaINTRODUCTION For this Portfolio, the theme I chose was Peer Pressure in Sport. Even though Peer Pressure is a broad topic, personally, I chose this theme because of my observations and experiences developed due to my involvement in sports and with other athletes. This topic can assist my academic background by showing me how to deal with people. It can also help me with my future career of being a professional rugby player where I can learn to cope and deal with issues that may come my way. This theme would be portrayed in a short dialogue where it would be analyzed and discussed.A dialogue about a group of youths who are given an opportunity to show their talent where only seven players were needed. This caused a player to stop the sport because he wasnt chosen. This genre was chosen because in my view, the theme was placed in a context where the reader can read and understand the points that would be brought forward without having to read between the lines. For my Expos itory, the Primary Source that would be used is a Questionnaire and the Secondary Source would be a website, www. bbc. com. These sources would assist my investigation and my research question. PREFACEPeer Pressure is the influence exerted by a peer group or an individual, encouraging other individuals to change their attitudes, values or behaviors in order to conform to group norms. This reflective is exhibited in as a dialogue because I believe that readers may better understand the concept when placed in a real life situation. This piece shows a group of teenagers from around the neighborhood, mainly footballers, who are subjected to pick their best six players and a keeper for a tournament. The setting of the dramatic piece is taken in a neighborhood.This piece was produced and intended for a teenage audience who participate in sport activities or teenagers who watch sports. The type of language used in the reflective would allow them relate to the situation and also allow a lit tle comic relief. This piece is expected to target the specified audience because of the negative and positive impacts on youths. They can also relate to experiencing or observing this type of situation or one similar in any sport they play or that they would like to play. This dialogue can be used at a school or at a presentation amongst teenage athletes.This would allow them REFLECTIVE Scene 1 This scene begins on the corner of Tern Drive. This occurs in the evening time when the youths of the neighborhood usually come out their houses to hang out. Kerry Wah going on fellas? Wats d vybz. Jody Im alright and you? Keevyn I just dey for d while. Curtis Wats the plan tonight fellas? Sweat awa? Brian Yeah, I for dat. Allyuh hadda call out d rest ah them though. Five ah we cyah sweat alone. Kerry Yeah boi Keevyn. You have d bike so start pedaling cuz I not walking. We would meet ur on d field. Keevyn Steupzz, always doing me this yes.Waheva, I would meet allyuh on d field. (Everyone dep arts, Keevyn on his bike to call out the others and the rest walking away to the field. ) Scene 2 On the field the friendly game of football begins. It goes on for a while, while other guys appear to partake in the custom. An unknown man also appears to watch the game. After a shot was taken wide of the goal he calls in everyone. Mr. Mac Youths Come Come May I have a few seconds of your playing time? Kerry Wam pops, what you want? I hope is not any Jehovah witness thing. (Everyone laughs) Mr. Mac No , my name is Mr.Mac I want to place an offer for you young footballers. Curtis Well hurry up. Talk fast cuz d lights does come off ten. Mr. Mac I am hosting a tournament in the indoor facility in Chaguanas. It is six and a keeper tournament but its only one more side I need. So choose your best six and let me know. The prize is $6,000. 00 and free to enter. (They all become enthusiastic about it and start talking amongst themselves. ) Kerry Aite fellas. All ah we look interested, so we f or it. Jody Well I guess Keevyn would be the goalkeeper because he is very good in the goal post.Keevyn Waheva, dont matter to me. Just choose a good side cuz if I get more than 3 I walking off. Kerry Aite, the side is me, Keevyn, Curtis, Jody, Brian, Beans and Muscle Frog. Che So what bout me? I way better dan Beans. He is rel filth and he rel slow. Brian Nah Che. Beans having ting. He is a good playmaker. He could reach rel far dawg. You on the other hand should stop play football on a whole. Imagine you on d reserve side for Couva Sec. relax dawg. Khellon (laughing scandalously) You have one seta cricketers starting before you. Best you really stop yes. Che Steupzz forget allyuh boy dan.I going home. That why allyuh not going to win anything. (Che walks off very angrily talking to himself and kicking the floor. ) Mr. Mac OK. Enough with that petty squabble. Here is my card, (He hands Kerry the card) and you can call me to register the names of the players you have chosen. I have some more pressing matters to attend to so my time is short. Good Bye for now. (Mr. Mac makes his departure and the boys go back to play football. ) Scene 3 The team they carried to the tournament won it and some of the players were scouted for Pro League teams.They all came out to have their evening sweat a week after for the first time since the tournament. They sent Keevyn to call out the rest of players. Keevyn Che Che Afternoon Sweat boi. (Che walks outside to his gate) Che Nah boi, me and football is not no friend again. I realize allyuh men was talking sense last time so forget it. Keevyn (laughs softly) You serious dan. Waheva dawgie you do your ting. Che Yea boi allyuh is rel fake friend. (Che walks back inside his house while Keevyn rides away to call out the rest of the players. (Keevyn reaches the field already sweating to meet some of the guys juggling the ball. ) Keevyn Eh allyuh know d youth man really stop play football. Jody Who are you talking about? Keevyn Che boi D man say we was telling d truth when Mr. Mac was here. So he really stops play football. Kerry (With a puzzled look on his face) Hmm. He cyah be serious. Waheva yes. Forget bout he. If he cyah take talk, football is really not for him. Jody So are we going to stand and talk for the rest of the night or play football? Everyone realizes then run unto the field to begin the match. ) ANALYTICAL This analysis is written to show the different aspects of communication. The genre of work that would be analyzed is a dramatic piece. The aspects of communication that would ensure a proper analysis are the registers used and the dialectal variations exhibited. The reflective was written to give off a comedic effect to try to keep the intended audience alert and not bore them, but also put across the points that were needed to show them situation at hand.It was also written presupposing that the readers have encountered or will encounter experiences to which they can relate and base their disc ernment upon the devices employed in the piece. Throughout the piece, an informal register was used amongst the youths of the neighborhood. This can be shown because of the types of slangs used. Register is the kind of language used that is appropriate to a particular context or situation. For example Wah going on fellas? Wats d vybz? This type of language was used because of how they have been friends for a great period of time and that they play football together.However, a more formal tone is exchanged between Mr. Mac and the youths, e. g. Youths Come Come May I have a few seconds of your playing time? . This level of formality is due to the fact that Mr. Mac was meeting them for the first time. Mr. Mac and Jody are the only two characters who spoke Standard English and applying the acrolect variation. Mr. Macs use of the language may have been because of his social status or that he wanted to sound as if he actually does have status to promote his tournament. It may have also been because he was well educated.Jody, however, may have just grown up in an environment where the language he speaks is favored more, seeing that he speaks the language even in an informal setting. The rest of the characters spoke a more basilect variation of the language. This may have been because of the setting and that they are comfortable with the language they speak or that they came from a lower class. Many of the youths speech contained typical creole structure such as the replacement of the th with the d as shown in the example Eh allyuh know d youth man.. .

Elementary Education Essay

Thesis childlike teachers may not exact highest income, but they afford one and only(a) of the most fulfilling c beers. Introduction When thought back to unsophisticated take, what most people remember the best, are the teachers they had along the way. simple-minded teachers not only introduce their scholarly persons to the basic concepts of summation subjects, they too help coat the path to each students forthcoming victor. While the income may not be the highest available, watching students give way a advanced skill or draw an appreciation for l crystallizeing asshole be very rewarding. I. What is the role of an elementary school teacher?a. uncomplicated teachers play an important part in not only the quick-witted development but also the social development of their students. What students learn at a youth age terminate affect the way they prove themselves, others, and the world later in life. b. Elementary teachers have the responsibility of introducing thei r students to the core subjects of mathematics, language, science, and social studies. II. direction, Training, and Certification c. The normal route to becoming a teacher involves receiving a knight bachelors degree from a teacher raising program, then obtaining a permit.Teachers in private schools are not infallible to be licensed. d. Each state honors its own individual certifications. However, The National room for Professional breeding Standards offers a voluntary national certification, which is also prestigious by each state. Having a National Boards certification usually results in a higher income. III. Salary and piece of work e. Teaching salaries vary by state, experience level, and status. f. Elementary teachers clinch slightly 1. 5 million jobs. Employment is projected to grow about as fast as average, increase 7-13% from 2008 to 2018. Elementary Education Shaping the Minds of the FutureWhen thinking back to elementary school, what most people remember the bes t, are the teachers they had along the way. Elementary teachers not only introduce their students to the basic concepts of core subjects, they also help pave the path to each students future success. Education to draw a teacher is long and tedious, and while the income may not be the highest available, watching students develop a new skill or grow an appreciation for learning back be very rewarding. Because there volunteer al shipway be a need for schooling, even with the recent work out cuts, program line jobs result always have to be available somewhere.Elementary teachers play an important part in the intellectual development as well as the social development of their students. The discipline of young children can affect the way they view themselves, other people, and the world, and their success byout life. Usually, one elementary teacher will teach several subjects to one class, of about 20 students. However, some will work in teams with other teachers, depending on the type of school (Career Information Elementary School Teachers. ). Teachers are faced with the responsibility of nurturing their students as well as their education.In the other(a) years of elementary school, teachers introduce their students to the concepts of reading, writing, and counting. In the later years of elementary, teachers have the task of introducing the concepts of mathematics, language, science, and social studies. Teachers also have multiple behind-the-scenes duties. Teachers have the duty of creating daily lesson plans based on state requirements, assigning planning and making tests. They must keep records of grades made on homework assignments and tests. Teachers develop the materials that help students learn solving and reasoning.They also meet with parents of their students to discuss progress, wish of progress, and any discipline problems that may be occurring (Elementary School Teachers. ). The traditionalistic education route to becoming an elementary t eacher involves earning a bachelors degree from a teacher education program, and then earning a license. A teachers education program normally includes courses much(prenominal) as the general mathematics, physical science, social science, music, art, and literature, as well as prescribed professional education courses, such as psychology of learning, and teaching methods.Normally, 4-year school schools require students to wait until their sophomore year before applying for portal to teacher education programs. Teacher education programs also require students to serve a student-teaching internship. It is not required to graduate from an accredited teacher education program to become a teacher, but it will make fulfilling license requirements easier. After receiving a bachelors degree, one should obtain a license from a teacher education program. The State Board of Education or a licensure advisory committee grants licensure.Teachers earn their degree in five different categories t he early childhood grades (preschool through third grade), the elementary grades (grades one through six or eight), the middle grades (grade five through eight), a specific secondary subject, or a special subject, such as music. Teaching in private schools does not require a license. The requirements for regular licenses vary by state. Each state individually issues and honors their teaching licenses. However, The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards offers a national certification. alone 50 states honor this certification, and in some cases, teachers will receive special benefits for this certification. These benefits can include higher salaries, and reimbursement for continuing education and certification fees (Teachers Kindergarten, Elementary, Middle, and Secondary. ). The salaries of teachers can vary by school location, teacher experience, and level of education. Public school teachers in elementary schools earn an average of $47,602. Private school teachers ea rn anywhere between $43,580 and $48,690. However, there are a few ways to increase a salary.Teachers have the option to teach summer school, athletic supporter or coach additional-curricular activities, or take on other extra duties at the school. Despite being on the lower end of income, teachers do have a non-monetary compensation of fulfillment, while watching their students develop new skills and learn new concepts (Teacher Career Salary Expectations. ). Elementary teachers hold around 1. 5 million jobs. As well as alter a teachers salary, the subjects and grade levels one is capable of teaching, and location can affect job opportunities. Jobsin inner cities and rural areas will be easier to find compared to the suburban districts. Minority teachers will be in higher require because of an increase in nonage enrollment, and the lack of minority teachers. Due to a greater public interest in education as well as better pay prospects, the supply of teachers is evaluate to grow, and employment is expected to grow as fast as average, change magnitude 7-13%, in the next six years (Career Information Elementary School Teachers. ). Teachers will always be able to find jobs cod to the fact that there will always be a demand for learning.Elementary teachers make a huge impact on the lives of young children. Some teachers are remembered as role models some are remembered as more of a parental figure, and some may just provide fond memories. Either way, they are an important part of each students life. They help their students develop important skills that will lead them to success in their future. Works Cited Career Information Elementary School Teachers. C angstrom unitus Explorer. 2012. Web. 15 Jan. 2012. <http//www. campusexplorer.com/careers/DE17C02B/elementary-school-teachers/>. Elementary School Teachers. Oklahoma Career Information Center. 2011. Web. 12 Jan. 2012. <http//www. okcis. intocareers. org/info2. aspx? FileID=Occ&FileNum=100309&To picNum=0>. Teachers Kindergarten, Elementary, Middle, and Secondary. U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 17 Dec. 2009. Web. 12 Jan. 2012. <http//www. bls. gov/oco/ocos318. htm>. Teaching Career Salary Expectations. EduDecisions. com. Web. 12 Jan. 2012. <http//www. edudecisions. com/articles/teaching/salaries. php>.

Comments and Reactions on 2014 SONA Essay

July 28, 2014, death chair Benigno S. Aquino, delivered his fifth State of the Nation manoeuver and tackled the matters for governments contri exclusivelyion in terms of education, health services, defense, universe works and many much than. The prexy first mentioned about the controversial outlay Acceleration Program (DAP), and still convince his bosses (Filipinos) of the good achievements of DAP. As an example, he cited Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) as an example, and furthen even showed film clips of those TESDA graduates who have now better lives because of their scholarship. He also highligted some of the accomplishments of the presidentship which involves the following the Expanded Conditional Cash Transfer of Department of amicable Welfare and Development (DSWD), which is now extended when the benefeciaries reached eighteen (18) years of age, non only after the completeion of high school the broader scope of Sin tax income Bill, which help our country increase its budget without increasing other taxes front moresona 2017 reactionOn the labor sector, it has been noticeable that at that place is fast decrease in the number of strikes due to the purifyd conciliation and mediation of labor cases by the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) In the infrastructure, the President acknowledged the improved system of the Department of Public Works and High agencys, that leads to lesser of corruption within the bidders and contractors which lead to faster delivery of service and resulted to P28 cardinal savings and road projects for the Filipinos. I have my personal omments as I watched nd read the national of the said SONA, as follows There is no admission of any problems encountered by our country. As we heard the President, it seems that everything went well for the Philippines. I partially agree and gave credit to our present Administration for all its efforts to improve our economy, fight corruption and impro ve the rotten system of the government.However, in the SONA, there is no admission of any problems and issues encountered of the country and this Aquino Administration, or if he raise promise not to have another DAP and Pork Barrel sneak in his administration. On the other hand, I agree with the way the President delivered his SONA, in a softer and calm way. Also, good job for no more attacking words and pointing fingers for the previous leaders administration. Further I am looking not only for the achievements of this country during Aquino administration but but also for the concrete plans and continuity of what he has started, and think those matters were missing in the SONA. To conlude my reaction, I can say that I am satisfied with the content of President Aquinos SONA, let us not be so dependent on what the government and the President can and cannot offer us, more importantly let us focus on improving ourselves first, the way we will not be a burden, but as assets and co ntributors to the produce of this country.